一、爬取目标
1.本次代码是在python2上运行通过的，python3不保证，其它python模块
- selenium 2.53.6 +firefox 44
- BeautifulSoup
- requests
-
2.爬取目标网站，我的博客：[https://home.cnblogs.com/u/yoyoketang](https://home.cnblogs.com/u/yoyoketang)
爬取内容：爬我的博客的所有粉丝的名称，并保存到txt
3.由于博客园的登录是需要人机验证的，所以是无法直接用账号密码登录，需借助selenium登录
二、selenium获取cookies
1.大前提：先手工操作浏览器，登录我的博客，并记住密码
（保证关掉浏览器后，下次打开浏览器访问我的博客时候是登录状态）
2.selenium默认启动浏览器是一个空的配置，默认不加载配置缓存文件，这里先得找到对应浏览器的配置文件地址，以火狐浏览器为例
3.使用driver.get_cookies()方法获取浏览器的cookies
```
# coding:utf-8
import requests
from selenium import webdriver
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import re
import time
# firefox浏览器配置文件地址
profile_directory = r'C:\Users\admin\AppData\Roaming\Mozilla\Firefox\Profiles\yn80ouvt.default'
# 加载配置
profile = webdriver.FirefoxProfile(profile_directory)
# 启动浏览器配置
driver = webdriver.Firefox(profile)
driver.get("https://home.cnblogs.com/u/yoyoketang/followers/")
time.sleep(3)
cookies = driver.get_cookies() # 获取浏览器cookies
print(cookies)
driver.quit()
```
（注：要是这里脚本启动浏览器后，打开的博客页面是未登录的，后面内容都不用看了，先检查配置文件是不是写错了）
三、requests添加登录的cookies
1.浏览器的cookies获取到后，接下来用requests去建一个session，在session里添加登录成功后的cookies
```
s = requests.session() # 新建session
# 添加cookies到CookieJar
c = requests.cookies.RequestsCookieJar()
for i in cookies:
c.set(i["name"], i['value'])
s.cookies.update(c) # 更新session里cookies
```
四、计算粉丝数和分页总数
1.由于我的粉丝的数据是分页展示的，这里一次只能请求到45个，所以先获取粉丝总数，然后计算出总的页数
```
# 发请求
r1 = s.get("https://home.cnblogs.com/u/yoyoketang/relation/followers")
soup = BeautifulSoup(r1.content, "html.parser")
# 抓取我的粉丝数
fensinub = soup.find_all(class_="current_nav")
print fensinub[0].string
num = re.findall(u"我的粉丝\((.+?)\)", fensinub[0].string)
print u"我的粉丝数量：%s"%str(num[0])
# 计算有多少页，每页45条
ye = int(int(num[0])/45)+1
print u"总共分页数：%s"%str(ye)
```
# 保存粉丝名到txt
```
# 抓取第一页的数据
fensi = soup.find_all(class_="avatar_name")
for i in fensi:
name = i.string.replace("\n", "").replace(" ","")
print name
with open("name.txt", "a") as f: # 追加写入
f.write(name.encode("utf-8")+"\n")
# 抓第二页后的数据
for i in range(2, ye+1):
r2 = s.get("https://home.cnblogs.com/u/yoyoketang/relation/followers?page=%s"%str(i))
soup = BeautifulSoup(r1.content, "html.parser")
# 抓取我的粉丝数
fensi = soup.find_all(class_="avatar_name")
for i in fensi:
name = i.string.replace("\n", "").replace(" ","")
print name
with open("name.txt", "a") as f: # 追加写入
f.write(name.encode("utf-8")+"\n")
```
五、参考代码：
```
# coding:utf-8
import requests
from selenium import webdriver
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import re
import time
# firefox浏览器配置文件地址
profile_directory = r'C:\Users\admin\AppData\Roaming\Mozilla\Firefox\Profiles\yn80ouvt.default'
s = requests.session() # 新建session
url = "https://home.cnblogs.com/u/yoyoketang"
def get_cookies(url):
'''启动selenium获取登录的cookies'''
try:
# 加载配置
profile = webdriver.FirefoxProfile(profile_directory)
# 启动浏览器配置
driver = webdriver.Firefox(profile)
driver.get(url+"/followers")
time.sleep(3)
cookies = driver.get_cookies() # 获取浏览器cookies
print(cookies)
driver.quit()
return cookies
except Exception as msg:
print u"启动浏览器报错了：%s" %str(msg)
def add_cookies(cookies):
'''往session添加cookies'''
try:
# 添加cookies到CookieJar
c = requests.cookies.RequestsCookieJar()
for i in cookies:
c.set(i["name"], i['value'])
s.cookies.update(c) # 更新session里cookies
except Exception as msg:
print u"添加cookies的时候报错了：%s" % str(msg)
def get_ye_nub(url):
'''获取粉丝的页面数量'''
try:
# 发请求
r1 = s.get(url+"/relation/followers")
soup = BeautifulSoup(r1.content, "html.parser")
# 抓取我的粉丝数
fensinub = soup.find_all(class_="current_nav")
print fensinub[0].string
num = re.findall(u"我的粉丝\((.+?)\)", fensinub[0].string)
print u"我的粉丝数量：%s"%str(num[0])
# 计算有多少页，每页45条
ye = int(int(num[0])/45)+1
print u"总共分页数：%s"%str(ye)
return ye
except Exception as msg:
print u"获取粉丝页数报错了，默认返回数量1 ：%s"%str(msg)
return 1
def save_name(nub):
'''抓取页面的粉丝名称'''
try:
# 抓取第一页的数据
if nub <= 1:
url_page = url+"/relation/followers"
else:
url_page = url+"/relation/followers?page=%s" % str(nub)
print u"正在抓取的页面：%s" %url_page
r2 = s.get(url_page)
soup = BeautifulSoup(r2.content, "html.parser")
fensi = soup.find_all(class_="avatar_name")
for i in fensi:
name = i.string.replace("\n", "").replace(" ","")
print name
with open("name.txt", "a") as f: # 追加写入
f.write(name.encode("utf-8")+"\n")
except Exception as msg:
print u"抓取粉丝名称过程中报错了 ：%s"%str(msg)
if __name__ == "__main__":
cookies = get_cookies(url)
add_cookies(cookies)
n = get_ye_nub(url)
for i in range(1, n+1):
save_name(i)
```
《python3.6自动化UI+接口》第9期班3月31号开学 零基础入门到提升，全部是实战内容，为期2个月，QQ群视频在线教学
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