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Dual Roles of the Pancreas
胰腺的双重作用
The pancreas is a gland that performs important roles in both the digestive and endocrine systems. It is located behind the stomach and next to the duodenum which is the first section of the small intestine.
胰腺是在消化系统和内分泌系统中发挥重要作用的腺体。它位于胃后和十二指肠（小肠的第一段）旁。
The body of the soft elongated shaped pancreas contains both exocrine and endocrine glands.
胰腺柔软细长，胰体包含外分泌腺和内分泌腺。
The main pancreatic duct runs the length of the pancreas and transports the pancreatic juices. The common bile duct empties bile into the pancreatic duct. These secretions flow from the pancreatic duct into the duodenum where they will aid in the digestive process.
主胰管横贯胰腺全长，并输送胰液。胆总管将胆汁排入胰管。它们从胰管流入十二指肠，帮助消化过程。
Located along the sides of the main pancreatic duct, there are two kinds of exocrine glands that empty their secretions directly into the main duct. The acinar cells secrete pancreatic juices that will combine with bile to aid in digestion. The duct cells secrete an antacid fluid that is capable of neutralizing acids.
主胰管两侧有两种外分泌腺，它们直接将分泌物排入主胰管。胰腺腺泡细胞分泌胰液，胰液与胆汁结合，帮助消化。导管细胞分泌一种能够中和酸的抗酸液。
After food is partially digested in the stomach, it flows into the duodenum as an acidic substance known as chyme. The secretions flowing from the pancreas mix with the chyme.
食物在胃中部分消化后，成为一种称为食糜的酸性物质，它们流入十二指肠。胰腺分泌的分泌物与食糜混合。
The duct cell secretions neutralize the acid nature of the chyme. The pancreatic juices and bile aid in completing the digestive process.
导管细胞分泌物中和食糜的酸性。胰液和胆汁有助于完成消化过程。
Pancreatic islets are located throughout the body of the pancreas and each islet contains two types of endocrine glands that secrete their hormones directly into the bloodstream. These are the alpha cells and the beta cells.
胰岛遍布整个胰腺，每个胰岛都包含两种内分泌腺，它们将激素直接分泌到血液中。这些是 α 细胞和 β 细胞。
When blood sugar levels are too low, the alpha cells secrete the hormone known as glucagon. Glucagon stimulates the release of stored sugars to increase the blood sugar levels.
当血糖水平过低时，α 细胞分泌一种称为胰高血糖素的激素。胰高血糖素刺激储存的糖释放，增加血糖水平。
When blood sugar levels are too high, the beta cells respond by secreting the hormone known as insulin. Insulin allows blood sugar to enter the cells for use as energy.
当血糖水平过高时，β 细胞分泌一种称为胰岛素的激素。胰岛素使血糖进入细胞，用作能量。
相关单词学习
Duodenum
①发音和释义
du·o·de·num/ˌdjuːəʊˈdiːnəm/n. 十二指肠
The first portion of the small intestine.
单词 duodenum 由下列成分构成
duodeno- 十二指肠
+
-um（后缀）表示场所、实物及抽象名词
Exocrine
ex·o·crine/ˈɛksəʊˌkraɪn/adj. 外分泌腺的
Of or pertaining to an exocrine gland or its secretion.
单词 exocrine 由下列成分构成
exo-（前缀）外
+
-crine（源于希腊语）意为分离，分开
Endocrine
en·do·crine/ˈɛndəʊkraɪn/adj. 内分泌腺的
Of or pertaining to an endocrine gland or its secretion.
单词 endocrine 由下列成分构成
endo-（前缀）在内，内部
+
-crine（源于希腊语）意为分离，分开
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