名词性短语

​The major objection to this plan was the high  costs.主语

stress  both the role  of practical men  in  furthering science

科学上总是有可以探索的东西

不要被热情冲昏了头脑，保持平静。

Tom's efforts to stop smoking is unsuccessful.主语

Failure to follow the rules will lead to the deduction of the marks.主语

All attempst to curb inflation have failed.主语，

She refused to discuss her decision to  quit the group做了宾语

Would their discussion lead to his agreement to visit his mother.做了宾语

The current obsession with exam results will harm children's education.

限定词，前修饰语，中心词，介词后置定语做了主语。

相当于名词性短语，可作任何成分。特别是主语和宾语。

名词化加介词短语/不定式做后置定语~名词短语加介词短语或不定式作后置定语

前面要么是名词属格，要么是The 加形容词

The bold attempts to attack enemies  have failed.

介词/或不定式/

Failure to  ...

Attention to details is essential in this job.

our hatred of enemies.

Her anxiety to go was obvious.

It is obvious that she is anxious to go.

She was obviously  anxious to go.

He showed a willingness to please.

=He is willing to please

I feel doubtful about his ability to do it.

of 是后置定语没错

the law of Newton

Mary's hostile criticism of his play.  of his play 后置定语玛丽对他的戏剧的严格批评

I don't allow your  interference  with my life名词化作宾语

Many teachers are praised for their devotion to education.

名词化作宾语

名词化就是名词中心词加介词/不定式，然后变成了一个名词性短语，可以宾语，主语，表语

Many people answered the call for volunteers

among his hobbies is his fondness for  music.

The army is characterized by its insistence on discipline.

The factory is well-known for its workers' participation in its manegement.

主动关系与动宾关系与是不是后置修饰语没有关系。

He hit back the urge to tell a lie  

克制住说谎的冲动human attempts to mock 

hold the key to our understanding of universe 

1.名词加不定式

2.名词加介词加ing

3.名词加介词加名词

4.of 词组    同样也是名词性短语

都做后置定语，构成名词性短语。做任何成分。

We are surprised at his quick discovery from the illness.

Her punishment for stealing was a year in prison.

Many people criticized Dick's decision to emigrate to Australia.

The City Council approved the proposal to build a new dam on the river.

He refuses the invitation to write another article on the subject

of 词组就是名词性短语

Bill paid no attention to other people's criticism of him.

Japan's occupation of the land

our  hatred of the enemy 

I do not allow your interference with my personal affair.

The Monster's reading of Milton

rejection by mankind makes him a  fallen Lucifer.

defense against Frankenstein's obhorrence of his creation