【经岚传递】转型国家森林可持续发展的经济学分析

【经岚传递】16L61

转型国家森林可持续发展的经济学分析

——[读论文]之“环境保护的政治经济学分析”系列

编译/XB

本期【经岚传递】所介绍的是来自于Maria Nijnik发表在Forest Policy and Economics 6 (2004) 403– 413上的“To an economist's perception on sustainability in forestry-in-transition”

文章摘要

本文主要讨论了森林可持续发展的关键要素，探索了这些可持续发展要素在转型国家的应用价值。在一个转型国家，森林开发也处在转型的过程中，因为森林也必须服从市场经济的基本原则。本文沿用了可持续发展的经济学概念,也就是考虑森林发展的所有决定因素,比如影子价格成本。经济学理论认为一个好的市场是将生产的成本与收益纳入到考量中，在可持续发展的基础上来设定价格对资源利用加以引导。在转型国家，森林开发的私人收益获得者往往忽略外部性，及其背后的成本溢出，而这些成本和外部性恰恰会有损森林的合理发展。本文以乌克兰森林的转型为例，对其中的问题和解决途径进行了分析。最后，文章得出几点结论，为森林可持续发展和经济的市场化转型之间的联系提供了新的见解。

Abstract

This paper discusses some of the elements of sustainable forestry concept and examines their implementation to forestry in a country-in-transition. In a country-in-transition forestry is also in transition since it is undergoing principal changes toward a market economy. The study applies the economic concept of sustainability, which requires considering all the factors of forestry development, with the shadow priced costs to be employed in the analysis. The economic theory suggests that a wellfunctioning market is to account for the costs and benefits of production and set prices to guide resource use in a sustainable way. In forestry-in-transition the recipients of private benefits usually do not repay the society in full for the costs of their activities and externalities often negatively affect forestry. The paper analysis transition performance in the Ukraine’s forestry and provides evidence of the obstacles to positive changes that need to be overcome. This leads to a number of conclusions, with the view of offering some insights into the connection between sustainability in forestry and the economic transition of the country to a market economy.

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