81.Asked to name the commonest disease attacking the human race, few of us would think of decaying teeth. Yet dental caries which is the medical term for this trouble is caused by germs and is the most widespread of all diseases.
A. 词汇注释:
1. dental
英 [ˈdentl] 美 [ˈdentl]
adj.牙齿的,牙科的,齿音的 n.齿音
2. caries
英 [ˈkeəriːz] 美 [ˈkeriːz]
n. 龋齿,骨疡,骨疽
B. 语法注释
1. Asked to name the commonest disease attacking the human race,是过去分词短语,作状语,表示条件。
2. yet是连接词,起承上接下的作用,作“然而”解。
3. the most widespread 是形容词widespread的最高级形式。
4. of all diseases是介词短语,与形容词最高级连用,表示比较范围,作“在所有疾病中”解。
C. 参考译文:
如果有人要我们说出什么是侵袭人类的最常见疾病,我们中间几乎没有人想到蛀牙。然而,龋齿——蛀牙的医学术语——是由细菌引起的,也是所有疾病中最普遍的一种。
82. The mouth normally contain many bacteria that are brought to it in the food that is eaten. These germs are ordinarily harmless, for they cannot do any damage to a healthy mouth with good teeth. However, given the opportunity, they will soon burrow in and set up an infection.
A. 词汇注释:
burrow
英 [ˈbʌrəʊ] 美 [ˈbɜːroʊ]
v.挖洞,挖掘(洞或洞穴通道),使…钻到(…下面),(在…里)搜寻
n.(动物的)洞穴,洞穴通道
B. 语法注释:
1. that are brought to it,是由关系代词that引导的定语从句,修饰bacteria
2. for they cannot do any damage to,for是并列连接词,作“因为”解
3. given the opportunity是过去分词短语作状语,表示条件,假使有机会。
C. 参考译文:
在正常情况下,口腔内有许多细菌,这些细菌是随着吃入的食物带进口腔的,它们通常是无害的,因为,它们不能损害有好牙的健康口腔。然而,即使有机会,它们就会立刻钻进牙齿并引起感染。
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