徽州在哪里
Where is Huizhou
明朝和清朝以后，徽州这个地理行政单位现在已经不存在了。它更像是一个文化地域概念，这些概念，以不同的形式洒落在各处。其中旅游者比较感兴趣的有徽派的建筑，村落，食物，文物古迹，民风民俗，风土人情......在地理位置上，它所辖的范围主要是歙县（古徽州府衙所在地），黟县，休宁县，祁门县，徽州区和绩溪县。
Nowadays, you will not find the Huizhou (徽州) Prefecture on the map. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, it used to be a prefecture covering the area of the present Shexian (歙县), Yixian (黟县), Xiuningxian (休宁县), Qimenxian (祁门县) and Jixixian (绩溪县) counties and the nowadays Huizhou District (徽州区). Despite being later abolished as a prefecture, the Huizhou area has still preserved its distinctive culture. It’s unique style of architecture, picturesque hamlets, historical sites, cuisine, crafts and customs make it a great destination for travellers.
徽州府现在指的是徽州旧城，位于歙县，原徽州的中心，政府所在地。
徽州地区包含着黄山风景区，各区县去黄山风景区的时间均在一小时左右。黄山市的市政府所在地—屯溪，是黄山市的交通枢纽。它和其他下属的区县相比，更具有着现代化的气息
Huizhou is now referered to the 'Old Town of Huizhou'(徽州古城) or shexian in the Shexian County which is known to be at the heart of the former Huizhou Prefecture -which was where the seat of government was located. Beside the town, there is also the Huizhou District north of Tunxi.
And what about Huangshan? we refer to the Yellow Mountain scenic area (黄山风景区), to the Huangshan District, where the mountain area is located, but also to the whole Huangshan prefecture (黄山市), of which the Shexian County, Huangshan District (黄山区) and other 5 counties are part. Moreover, it also often used to refer to the Tunxi city (屯溪), where the government seat of the Huangshan Prefecture is located.
二
各地如何到歙县
How to get here
1飞机：机场位于屯溪区，距离歙县将近一小时车程。白天可以选乘机场班线线到市区后换到歙县的汽车。夜间可以选择的士或者滴滴。
2 火车：火车分为普通列车和高速列车。其中黄山火车站在屯溪，歙县火车站在歙县。高铁站有黄山北站和歙县北站，分别位于徽州区和歙县。
3汽车：各市区均有汽车站，到歙县的在客运汽车站下车.
1) by air: use the airport in Tunxi, which is about an hour ride far from the Old Town of Huizhou. During the day you can use the shuttle bus from the airport to the Tunxi city and change for a bus to Shexian. The flights can be booked here: www.english.ctrip.com
2) by rail: The ordinary train stops in Tunxi - Huangshan Railway Station (黄山火车站) and Shexian - Shexian Railway Station (歙县火车站). Likewise, the high-speed train stops in Tunxi – Huangshan North (黄山北站) and Shexian - Shexian North (歙县北). The tickets can be booked here: www.english.ctrip.com or www.12306.cn if you read Chinese
3) by road: take a bus from any district to the Shexian Bus Station (歙县汽车站). Purchase the tickets directly at the station. If you read Chinese you can book tickets here: http://qiche.tieyou.com
三
歙县一些有意思的地方
Some interesting points here
（01）老物件最多的地方
Ancient architecture and historical monuments
如果你希望在最短的时间里，见识到最多的徽州老物件和建筑。位于歙县县城的徽商大宅院是您不错的选择。徽商大宅院又名“西园”，是将散落在古徽州范围内濒临坍塌的26座明末、清代及民国时期具有徽派特色的建筑进行拆迁和修缮，按照“复原”的原则，整体搬进了西园。这里可以说代表了徽派建筑的最高水平。
If you want to see the most old Huizhou objects and buildings in the shortest time, the Old Town of Huizhou in Shexian county is a good choice for you.
the Old Town of Huizhou, also known as "Xiyuan", is the demolition and repair of 26 buildings with Huizhou characteristics scattered in the area of ancient Huizhou in the late Ming Dynasty, the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China. According to the principle of "restoration", the whole house was moved into the Xiyuan. It can be said to represent the highest level of Huizhou architecture.
A place where rich people lived in ancient Huizhou
古城里的斗山街，是以前徽州富商和官僚名流集中居住的地方。那里的墙特别的高大，对外的窗户却是特别的小，。你走进其中的任何一个老房子，就知道什么是“深宅大院”，都可以感觉到当年的富丽堂皇。这条街上的水井也特别的多，在古城，最大的一口井，有八个井眼。
The Doushan Street in the western part of the town used to be the most luxury address in whole Huizhou prefecture. Many wealthy merchants and officials built their residence there. Their mansions are remarkable for imposing walls with just little windows, hiding secluded yet spacious courtyards. Inside of them, you can marvel at the splendour of former elites’ homes. Worth noticing are also the numerous wells to be found in this street, particularly the Eight-mouthed well.
（3）徽州原住民最集中的地方
Traditional lifestyle
这就是徽州古城—歙县。非常生活气息的小城，也许你走不了几步，就可以遇见元代的古塔，宋代的老桥，明朝的牌坊，清代的小楼，现代的小店......不变的就是徽州的人。建议你可以和闲坐的徽州人攀谈几句，你会发现真正的徽州气息。
The Old Town of Huizhou is a very lively place. Unlike some other famous locations in the area, the Old Town of Huizhou has not yet been overwhelmed by the tourism industry. so it is a great place to observe the authentic life of ordinary people. The locals are very friendly to visitors. If your mandarin allows, you can have a chat with them and find out more about their stories.
(03) 徽州最美的水口
The most beautiful water gap in Huizhou
你也许可以去小镇渔梁看看，那里有着1000多年前修建的渔梁古坝，就坐落在歙县的母亲河—练江的上面。顺着这条美丽的河，就是鱼形状的渔梁镇。你还可以看见古代的物流公司和私人码头。街上的路，大部分都是用鹅卵石铺成的。行走在渔梁古镇，你仿佛回到了百年前的徽州。
You may go to the small town of Yuliang, where there is an ancient dam built more than 1000 years ago. It is located on the top of Lianjiang, the mother river of Shexian county. Along this beautiful river, there is a fish shaped fishing town. You can also see ancient logistics companies and private docks. Most of the roads in the street are paved with pebbles. Walking in Yuliang ancient town, you can go back in time to Huizhou a hundred years ago.
（04）那些旅游地图上不知名的小村子
The unknown villages on the tourist map
古代的徽州，村和村之间因为交通不便的缘故，彼此很少往来。所以有的村子相聚很近，语言却不是完全相同。也因为交通的缘故，所以一些村子的老建筑可以比较完好的保存下来。有的村子门票很昂贵，比如棠樾村，有的却是很低廉甚至免费，比如许村和昌溪村，还有美丽的廊桥所在地－－北岸村。
In ancient Huizhou, seldom villages exchanged with each other because of the inconvenient transportation. So some villages are very close together, but the cultures are quite different. this can be noticed from the different modes of transport and some of the ancient buildings from the villages that have been preserved. Some villages are very expensive for travellers, such as Tangyue village, while others are very cheap or even free, such as Xu village and Changxi village, as well as Beian village, where the beautiful corridor bridge is located.
（5）徽州的牌坊
Huizhou memorial archways
在中国，没有比徽州有更多牌坊的地区了。这里有中国唯一的一个八脚牌坊，还有七个牌坊连成队的牌坊群。有纪念慈善行为的，也有表彰妇女贞洁的。有的是当时的皇帝掏钱修建赏赐的，有的是征得朝廷同意后家族筹集资金修建的。这些都在牌坊上有具体的记录。比较有代表性的有许国石坊和棠樾牌坊群。
There is no place in China with more memorial archways than Huizhou. Some of the best examples are the unique eight-legged Xuguo archway in the old town of Huizhou or the row of seven archways in Tangyue. They commemorate acts of charity as well as female chastity. The funds for their building were either provided by the imperial court, or raised among the locals after the emperor granted consent to erect them, all of which is recorded in the engraved characters.
（6）最适合步行的路线
The best hiking route
如果你想在徽州走一走，没有比新安江山水画廊更好的选择了。新安江山水画廊的两端分别是南源口和深渡镇。你可以选择步行一段或者坐船，也可以选择全部步行。穿行在古老的村落，美丽的河流和漫山遍野的枇杷树之间，将会是您难忘的记忆。尤其是在春天，陪伴你的还有延绵不断的油菜花和各种野花。
If you want to explore Huizhou on foot, one of the best options is the picturesque valley of Xin’an river (Xin’an jiang shanshui hualang), a route leading from Nanyuankou to Shenduzhen. You can choose to walk all the way or travel part of it on the deck of a riverboat. While passing one ancient village after another, you will be surrounded by scenery of the river meandering through the hills, and the gorgeous views are likely to engrave deep into your memory. Many hillsides are covered with loquat trees (or pipa) which is used in the Chinese medicine. The fullest beauty is revealed in the spring, when beautiful bloomed flowers paint yellow stripes everywhere and wild flowers sprinkle other colours over the landscape.
渔梁环线
从客栈出发，沿着新安古道徒步到达渔梁古镇，再过河绕圈从紫阳村走回客栈
全程大概花费2小时，沿途风景优美极具徽州特色，并且人很少。这里有一篇介绍渔梁古镇的文章可供参考：yuliang old village
Yu liang loop
Start from the inn, walk along the Xin 'an Ancient Road and you can arrive Yuliang Ancient Town,.cross the river,you can arrive Ziyang Village,and than back to the inn.
The journey takes about 3 hours. The scenery along the journey is very beautiful with Huizhou characteristics, and there are few people. Here is an article about Yuliang Ancient Town
（7）徽州最地道的民俗活动
Ancient customs
每年的春节，是徽州古老民俗集中再现的最佳参与时期。也是含蓄的徽州人宣泄自己的方式之一。很多民俗活动都是百姓自发，而不是政府主导行为。其中比较有代表性的有汪满田村的“嬉鱼灯”，叶村的“叠罗汉”，许村的“舞大刀”，渔梁的“跳钟馗”。演出的时间一般集中在中国农历的正月十三至正月十六。村子里会非常热闹，充满了祈福的味道。
One of the best time for visiting Huizhou is the Spring festival since many customs are concentrated in this period. Various festivities are organized by the local community, not by the government. Some of the most worthwhile are the goldfish lanterns pageant at Wangmantian village, human pyramids at Yecun village, broadsword dancing at Xucun village or exorcising evil spirits by evoking the god Zhongkui at Yuliangcun village. Most of those festivities take place between the thirteenth and sixteenth day of the first month of Chinese lunar calendar. The villages at this time become very lively and filled with the atmosphere of blessing.
（8）徽州的传统手工艺
Traditional Huizhou crafts
中国的文房四宝－－笔墨纸砚，其中有三样物品的代表都在安徽省。宣纸产于徽州的邻居－－泾县，而歙砚和徽墨均产自歙县。这两种中国古人必备的书写工具，在今天依然有着顽强的生命力。在古城里，有规模比较大的加工厂，也有私营的小作坊，都可以近距离的观看制作和加工过程。这样的产品并不能被机械加工所取代，每一件作品都有工匠自己的理解。所以，在徽州人家，书画仍然是常见的文化活动，几乎家家户户在大厅都会悬挂字画。
In the old China, people referred to “scholar's four jewels”, namely writing brush, ink stick, ink stone and paper. The Anhui province is famous for three of them. The first is the “Xuan paper“named after Xuancheng, a region just next to Huizhou. In the same vein, the She ink stone, named after Shexian county, and Hui ink from the town of Huizhou are well-known all over the country. The tradition has survived till now and the last two “jewels” are still produced in the old town. You can pop in to see the manufacturing process in one relatively big and a few smaller family-run workshops. Each craftsman has their individual way of production, which cannot be replicated by a serial production. Painting and calligraphy are also very popular here, with a piece or two hanging in almost every room of the locals’ homes.
徽州美食food in huizhou
1.臭鳜鱼
由新鲜鳜鱼腌制而成，闻着有股臭味，但是吃起来很香，肉质紧实咸香。也许你第一次尝试会难以接受，但是日后一定会想念这个味道。
1. The smelly fish
Pickled with fresh mandarin fish, it has a strong fragmented scent but is very tasty with a compact, salty flavor. It may be hard for you to accept its distinctive flavour at first but you'll definitely miss it later.
2.毛豆腐
通过豆腐发酵而成，生的毛豆腐表面覆盖着一层长达几厘米的白色绒毛，下锅煎熟后表面变成金黄色。口味独特绵密。
2. MAO tofu
The raw hairy tofu is covered with a layer of white hair several centimeters long, which turns golden brown after frying. The flavor is unique and dense.
3.臭豆腐
通过卤水发酵制成。和长沙等地油炸的臭豆腐不同，徽州的臭豆腐大多采用煎的烹饪方式。和臭鳜鱼一样，闻着臭但是吃起来很香。
Stinky tofu
Made by fermenting with brine. Unlike the stinky tofu Fried in changsha and other places, huizhou stinky tofu is mostly cooked by decocting. Like stinky mandarin fish, it smells bad but tastes good.
4.石头粿
石头粿在煎的过程中需要不停的用石头压制，所以饼很紧实。内馅的品种很丰富，有豆黄，豆角，韭菜等等
Stone cake
Stone cake in the process of decocting need to keep the stone pressed, so the cake is very tight. The variety of stuffing inside is very rich, have bean yellow, bean horn, leek and so on.
5枇杷
三潭枇杷是歙县的特产。三潭枇杷个大汁水丰富，皮薄肉厚，十分爽口。用三潭枇杷制作的枇杷果酱甜而不腻，可以直接食用或者抹馒头，抹面包。用三潭枇杷熬制的枇杷膏润肺止咳，具有药用价值。
loquat
SANTAN Loquat is a typical product in Shexian County. Santan loquats are large and juicy, very refreshing. The loquat jam made with Santan loquat is sweet but not greasy, you can eat directly or spread bread. The loquat extract made by Santan Loquat can moisten lung cough, has medicinal value.
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