本期编辑/开鸿顺
KaiHongShun Studio
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在我国东北长白山林区、吉林山区、小兴安岭林区生长着一种松科松属高大常绿乔木树种，其特点是大树树皮灰褐色或灰色，纵裂成不规则长方鳞状块片，裂片脱落后露出红褐色的内皮。
There is a tall evergreen tree species of the Pinus family in the Changbai Mountain forest area, Jilin mountainous area, and Xiaoxing'anling forest area of Northeast China.
针叶5针一束，长6-12公分，球果大型，圆锥状卵圆形，成熟后种鳞不张开，种子大，无翅，人们常叫红松或果松，具有用材、造林、食用等多种价值。
The needles are 5 needles in a bundle, 6-12 cm long, and the cones are large, conical and ovoid in shape. After maturity, the seed scales do not open, and the seeds are large and wingless.
红松为常绿大乔木，高达50米，胸径达1米，小树树皮灰褐色，接近平滑，1年生小枝密生黄褐色毛；大树树皮灰褐色或灰色，纵裂成不规则长块片，裂片脱落后露出红褐色的内皮；分枝平展，树冠圆锥形。
Red pine is an evergreen large tree, reaching a height of 50 meters and a diameter at breast height of 1 meter. The bark of the small tree is grayish brown, almost smooth, and the 1-year-old twigs are densely covered with yellow brown fur.
红松是喜光树种，幼苗稍耐荫，对土壤水分要求比较高，不宜过干过湿的土壤及严寒气候；在温暖多雨，相对湿度较高的气候和深厚肥沃、排水良好的酸性棕色森林土上生长良好。
Red pine is a light loving tree species, with seedlings that are slightly shade tolerant and have high requirements for soil moisture. It is not suitable for excessively dry or wet soil or harsh cold climates.
生态环境方面，红松木有很强的适应性，可以生长在海拔高达4000米的高山地区，也可以在大多数土壤类型和水分条件下生长，同时还可以耐受寒冷的冬季和干燥的气候。
In terms of ecological environment, red pine has strong adaptability, which can grow in high mountain areas with an altitude of 4000 meters, and can also grow in most Soil type and water conditions, and can also withstand cold winter and dry climate.
红松是优良的用材树种，其边材淡黄褐色，心材淡褐红色或褐色，材质较软细致。容易加工，纹理直，结构细，比重0.38-0.46，有香味，不易开裂，不易翘曲，加工后不易变形，耐腐力强，是一种木材工艺价值高深受人们欢迎的优质木材，可广泛应用于建筑、交通、矿山、造船、家具、机械等多个方面。
Red pine is an excellent timber tree species, with light yellow brown sapwood and light brownish red or brown heartwood. The material is soft and delicate. Easy to process... transportation, mining, shipbuilding, furniture, machinery, and other fields.
红松种子具有很好的食用和保健功能，据测定，它的种仁主要含有脂肪、蛋白质、糖、粗纤维、维生素C、维生素B、氨基酸、锌、钙、铁、磷等营养成分，食用松子对人体有增加营养物质和保健作用。
Red pine seeds have excellent edible and health functions. According to measurements, their kernels mainly contain nutrients such as fat, protein, sugar, crude fiber, vitamin C, vitamin B, amino acids, zinc, calcium, iron, phosphorus, etc.
红松种子还可入药，名“海松子”，古代药书记载：松子，味甘，性温，有益气健脾、润燥滑肠之效。药用时请遵医嘱。
The seeds of Pinus koraiensis can also be used as medicine, named "Sea Pine Seed". According to ancient medical records, pine seeds have a sweet taste, warm nature, and the effects of nourishing qi, strengthening the spleen, and moistening dryness and smoothing the intestines.
红松还可采割松香和松节油，其中松香可用作造纸的胶料和拔水剂、合成橡胶的乳化剂等；红松针叶可提取0.2%-0.5%的挥发油，这种挥发油是用作清凉喷雾剂、皂用香精和其他人工合成香精的重要原料。
Korean pine can also be used to cut rosin and Turpentine, of which rosin can be used as sizing material for paper making, water extracting agent, emulsifier for synthetic rubber, etc.
红松的树根含有大量的油脂，称松根油，俗称松明子，林区人们常用来点火用；红松的花粉，外用可作撒粉剂，用于治疗汗疹及作创伤止血剂。
The roots of Pinus koraiensis contain a large amount of oil, known as pine root oil, commonly known as pine nut, which is commonly used by people in forest areas for ignition.
同时，红松还对环境也有着重要的作用，它可以净化空气、保持水源，同时还可以减缓土壤侵蚀和防止洪水等自然灾害。但红松木的生长速度较慢，因此其生产成本也相对较高。红松木在大量采伐后会造成环境破坏，破坏地球生态平衡。
At the same time, Korean pine also plays an important role in the environment, purifying the air, maintaining water sources, and slowing down soil erosion and preventing natural disasters such as floods.
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