2018年英国指南解读
《特发性颅内高压症:管理共识指南》
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension:
consensusguidelines on management-2018
作者:丁江伟
宁夏医科大学宁夏颅脑疾病重点实验室
宁夏医科大学总医院神经外科
图1 IIH诊疗共识。
IIH患者的管理,需多学科医师进行评估,以便联合制定最佳诊疗方案(图4),主要管理原则为:
Cochrane一项综述报道了乙酰唑胺(一种碳酸酐酶抑制剂)在IIH中的应用,结论指出“包括RCT(RandomizedControlled Trial)在内的两项研究均显示乙酰唑胺对IIH的某些临床症状有一定益处,但仍无充足的证据推荐或拒绝该药或其他药物对IIH患者的疗效”[16]。
目前尚无乙酰唑胺的最佳服用剂量。
除乙酰唑胺外,托吡酯可能对IIH头痛有一定效果[19]。
IIH的头痛类型常随时间而改变,需仔细评估。头痛常为混合型:包括IIH引起的头痛、偏头痛、药物过量诱发的头痛、紧张型头痛、低颅压头痛和脑脊液分流继发医源性Chiari畸形引起头痛等[23, 24]。
据报道68% IIH患者的头痛属于偏头痛[25],尽管缺乏临床试验,但对IIH患者使用偏头痛治疗方案可能是有效的。偏头痛的特征包括中度至重度疼痛,可能伴有畏光、恐声、恶心和运动不耐受。
若视神经乳头水肿已消退,通常情况下颅内压将正常化,此时应采用保守治疗。
如果妊娠期间IIH急性加重,存在视力紧急受损的风险该如何处理?
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