During the process of using ECDIS installed onboard, there are lots of questions and doubts raised by the mariner, this may cause confuse when PSC inspection and vetting are being carried out on the ship. Especially, when ECDIS software upgrade to PL4.0, a new function- route filter appears. The mariner and PSC inspector can pick up one route or use present route by this function, to check whether all the charts relate the route have been ordered or not, also can show charts status. This function can easily let the mariner to order the charts without any missing, but may cause some unnecessary charts to be ordered, like same usage band charts ordered, route only using a corner of the charts, etc. Please be noted that normally the charts ordered onboard by using chart software(Chartco, E-navigator, voyager, gateway, etc.), during charts ordered, the mariner will select the charts by different purposes as per company policy, it is unnecessary to order all the chart relate the route due to the same reason as above. But the problem is,some PSC inspectors know this route filter function and want to use this function to check the charts ordered. when using this function to check the charts, they can easily find some charts (unnecessary charts) were not ordered, and our officer also don’t know how to explain this situation to the inspector, hence it is quite easy to get deficiency from this.
有些公司为了避免这种情况，决定订购所有的图表，但是额外的费用会增加。如何正确排列图表，标准是什么?法规的要求是什么?船员、公司、PSC和FSC可能有不同的解释。关于这个条件，我想提出我的意见，请您参考和指正。First, let’s refer the ECDIS requirements,which list in the chapter V of SOLAS convention.Regulation 19 Carriage requirements for shipborne navigational systems and equipment首先，让我们参考在SOLAS公约第五章中列出的ECDIS要求。
规则19舰载导航系统和设备的运输要求
2.1 All ships, irrespective of size, shall have:.4 nautical charts and nautical publications to plan and display the ship’s route for the intended voyage and to plot and monitor positions throughout the voyage; an electronic chart display and information system (ECDIS) may be accepted as meeting the chart carriage requirements of this subparagraph;
所有船舶，不论大小，均应具备:
.4张海图及航海刊物，以规划及显示船舶预定航程的航路，并在整个航程中绘制及监测船舶的位置;电子海图显示和信息系统(ECDIS)可被视为符合本款海图传输要求
Nautical charts and nautical publications, such as sailing directions, lists of lights,notices to mariners, tide tables and all other nautical publications necessary for the intended voyage, shall be adequate and up to date.
航海图和航海出版物，如航行方向、灯单、海员通告、潮汐表和预定航程所需的所有其他航海出版物，应当是充分的和最新的。
Regulation 34 Safe navigation and avoidance of dangerous situations
1 Prior to proceeding to sea, the master shall ensure that the intended voyage has been planned using the appropriate nautical charts and nautical publications for the area concerned, taking into account the guidelines and recommendations developed by the Organization.①
第34条安全航行和避免危险情况
在开航前，船长应确保已使用有关地区的适当海图和航海出版物计划预定的航程，并考虑到本组织制定的准则和建议。
2 The voyage plan shall identify a route which:.1 takes into account any relevant ships’routing systems;.2 ensures sufficient sea room for the safe passage of the ship throughout the voyage;.3 anticipates all known navigational hazards and adverse weather conditions; and.4 takes into account the marine environmental protection measures that apply, and avoids, as far as possible,actions and activities which could cause damage to the environment.①Refer to the Guidelines for voyage planning adopted by the Organization by resolution A.893(21). According to the Annex of RESOLUTIONA.893(21) GUIDELINES FOR VOYAGE PLANNING, GUIDELINES FOR VOYAGE PLANNING,
航次计划应确定以下航路:
1考虑到任何相关的船舶航线系统;
2确保船舶在整个航程中安全通过有足够的海上空间;
.3预料到所有已知的航行危险和不利天气条件;而且
.4考虑到适用的海洋环境保护措施，并尽可能避免可能对环境造成损害的行动和活动。
①参阅本组织第A.893(21)号决议通过的《航行计划准则》。
根据第893(21)号决议附件《航行计划指南》，
2.1.5 appropriate scale, accurate and up-to-date charts to be used for the intended voyage or passage, as well as any relevant permanent or temporary notices to mariners and existing radio navigational warnings.Please be noted that above not mention the ships must carry all nautical charts for the intended voyage. Just only point out the charts may be appropriate scale, accurate and up-to-date.
2评估;
2.1.5预定航程或航道应使用适当比例尺、准确和最新的海图，以及向海员发出的任何相关永久或临时通知和现有无线电航海警告。
请注意，以上未提及的船舶必须携带预定航程的所有海图。只是指出图表可能是适当的规模，准确和最新的。
According to IMO MSC.1/Circ.1503/Rev.1，ECDIS –GUIDANCE FOR GOOD PRACTIC，A CHART CARRIAGE REQUIREMENT OF SOLAS，item 8, In accordance with SOLAS regulation V/19.2.1.4, ships must carry all nautical charts necessary for the intended voyage.
根据IMO MSC.1/第1503号通告。1、ECDIS -《海上安全公约》(SOLAS)良好实践指南第8项海图运输要求，根据《海上安全公约》(SOLAS)条例V/19.2.1.4，船舶必须携带预定航程所需的所有海图。Please take caution that the guidancede scription is different with regulation 19 of SOALS Chapter V regarding the chart selection and using onboard. They mentioned all necessary chart but not all the chart as some person think of.
请注意，本指南与《SOALS》第五章第19条关于船上海图选择和使用的规定不同。他们提到了所有必要的图表，但不是一些人所想的所有图表。According the SOLAS and IMO A893(21)resolution requirement, we can draw the conclusion that, the charts for intend voyage must be adequate, appropriate scale ,accurate and up-to-date, but don’t mention that all the charts relate route needed for purchase. But can cause the mariner and port authority misunderstood and confused, they may make wrong decision and judgment，and also make additional cost for the charts.
根据SOLAS和IMO A893(21)决议的要求，我们可以得出的结论是，预定航次海图必须是足够的，适当的比例，准确的和最新的，但没有提到所有的海图都与购买所需的航线有关。但会造成海员和港务局的误解和混淆，他们可能会做出错误的决策和判断，也会给海图带来额外的费用。During the processof application, ENCs are assigned a compilation scale based on the nature of the source data upon which they are based. They are also allocated to a navigational purpose band related to this. This is analogous to a series of paper chart covering the same area, ranging from “small scale charts” to“larger scale plans”. As shown in the table below there are six navigational purpose bands (scale ranges are indicative only). An ECDIS chart, also known asan chart unit or an chart cell, consists of 8 digit letters and numbers. The first two of them are and are country code, like C1 is for CNHO, C2 for HONGKONG MARDEP, CN for China MSA. The third number of the graph must be a number from 1 to 6. This number represents usage band, there are 1. Overview,2. General, 3. Coastal, 4. Approach, 5. Harbour, 6. Berthing, each usage band have their own range of scales.
在应用过程中，根据它们所基于的源数据的性质，为ENCs分配一个编译规模。它们也被分配到与此相关的导航目的波段。这类似于覆盖同一区域的一系列纸质图表，范围从“小比例尺图表”到“大比例尺平面图”。如下表所示，有六个航行目的波段(比例尺范围仅供参考)。ECDIS图表，也称为图表单元或图表单元，由8位数字字母和数字组成。前两个是和是国家代码，就像C1是CNHO, C2是HONGKONG MARDEP, CN是China MSA。图的第三个数字必须是1到6之间的数字。这个数字代表使用频带，有1个。概述,2。一般情况下,3。沿海4。接近5。港口,6。靠泊时，每个使用波段都有自己的音阶范围。The usage scale range as follow:The purpose of each usage band as follow.1.Overview for planning and oceanic crossing2.General for navigating oceans, approaching coasts androute planning3.Coastal for navigating along the coastline, either inshore or offshore4.Approach for navigating the approaches to ports or major channels or through intricate or congested waters5.Harbour for navigating within ports, harbour, bays,rivers and canals for anchorages6.Berthing detailed to aid berthing 每个使用波段的用途如下。
1.规划和跨洋概述
2.一般用于航行海洋，接近海岸和路线规划
3.沿海的，沿海的沿着海岸线航行的，近海或近海的
4.用于驶近港口或主要航道或通过复杂或拥挤水域的引航
5.在港口、港口、海湾、河流和运河内航行作锚泊用
6.详细安排靠泊以辅助靠泊
The practicality and applicability need to be fully considered for the adequate and appropriate scale charts proposed in there quirements of the rules. It is obviously wrong that many companies and some officers even think that as long as they are equipped with the maximum scale chart of the route, they can meet all the requirements and keep safe navigation. It is necessary to equip the route with a maximum scale charts as per requirements. At the same time, we also need consider that vessel may deviation or encounter other unforeseen situations. Thus, we need other scale charts for this issue, but not all charts related to the route need to be equipped. Some scales of the chart are repetitive and superimposed.
规则要求中提出的充分、适当的比例图，需要充分考虑其实用性和适用性。很多公司和一些官员甚至认为，只要配备了航线的最大比例尺海图，就可以满足所有要求，保持航行安全，这显然是错误的。有必要根据要求为路线配备最大比例尺图。同时，我们也需要考虑到船只可能会发生偏离或其他不可预见的情况。因此，这个问题我们需要其他比例尺图，但不是所有与路线相关的图都需要配备。图表的某些比例是重复和叠加的。Now I will use the ADC software to do a demonstration and explanation, the route is simply selected from Tianjin to the CJK. 现在我将用ADC软件做一个演示和解释，路线简单选择从天津到长江口。How to use the ADC software to design the route will not be described in detail here. Many other software features are even more powerful than this.It just simply enters the departure port and the destination port, and the recommended route will come out automatically.
如何使用ADC软件进行路由设计，这里就不详细介绍了。许多其他软件功能甚至比这更强大。它只需要输入出发港和目的港，就会自动给出推荐路线。After the route is determined, it is only necessary to add the route to the baskets or similar function menu. All the charts of various scales related to it on the route will be displayed (Figure2). At this time, the displayed charts are placed in the baskets or purchasing functions. The chart list will come out or form a document (Figure 3).确定路线后，只需要将路线添加到篮子或类似的功能菜单中。所有与之相关的各种比例尺在路线上都会显示出来(图2)。这时，显示的图表被放置在篮子或采购功能。图表列表将显示出来或形成一个文档(图3)。
The result obtained from the above automatic charts selection is that 32 charts are related to this route. If you want to purchase these 32 charts, it must meet all the requirements of the Convention and other specifications. And this method of selectionis the most direct and secure one without any doubt, but the question is whether these 32 maps really need to be purchased or not?
通过上述自动选图得到的结果是，有32张图与这条路线有关。如果你想购买这32张图表，它必须满足公约和其他规格的所有要求。而这种选择方式无疑是最直接、最安全的，但问题是这32张地图是否真的需要购买?There are two ways to manually select the charts.One is from large to small, that is, from large scale charts to the smallest scale, and the other is from small to large, and the choice of scale charts is exactly the opposite. The following is an example of chart selected step by step from a small scale.
有两种方法可以手动选择图表。一种是由大到小，即从大比例尺图到最小比例尺图，另一种是由小到大，比例尺图的选择恰恰相反。下面是一个从小尺度逐步选择图表的例子。First, cancel all scales below the overview so that only the overview charts left on the chart. Click on the first section of the route and two overview charts cover the route appear,JP14CCJ4 (Figure 4) and KR1E00 (Figure 5).
首先，取消概述以下的所有比例，这样就只剩下概述图表了。单击路线的第一部分，会出现两个覆盖路线的概览图，JP14CCJ4(图4)和KR1E00(图5)。
It can be seen that the KR1E0000 is larger than the JP14CCJ4 scale and the coverage is more reasonable, so it is appropriate to select the KR1E0000 (Figure 6).
可以看出KR1E0000比JP14CCJ4尺度更大，覆盖面更合理，因此选择KR1E0000是合适的(图6)。
Then select the overview charts covered by the next section of the route. You can see two overview charts, KR1F0000(Figure 7) and JP14 IFV0 (Figure 8).
然后选择路线下一节所涵盖的概述图表。您可以看到两个概述图表，KR1F0000(图7)和JP14 IFV0(图8)。
Comparing the two charts, it was found that although the KR1F0000 scale is larger than JP14 IFV0, it is better to cover and connect, so choosing KR1F0000 is more appropriate (Figure 9)
对比两张图可以发现，虽然KR1F0000的尺度比JP14 IFV0大，但是覆盖和连接更好，所以选择KR1F0000更合适(图9)
The remaining route can be configured for the overview scale section according to the above requirements, followed by the removal of the overview scale option. Check the general scale chart. At this time, it was found that the C1210011 chart covered the entire route (Figure 10)and the chart was added to the basket (Figure 11).
剩下的路由可以根据上面的要求为概述规模部分配置，然后去掉概述规模选项。检查总比例尺。这时，我们发现C1210011图表覆盖了整个路线(图10)，并且图表被添加到篮子中(图11)。
Comparing Figure 11, it was found that C1210011 can cover the entire route including the nearby sea area, so the KR1E0000 chart on the left can be considered for removal, which can fully guarantee safe navigation. (Figure 12)
对比图11,C1210011可以覆盖包括附近海域在内的整个航线，可以考虑去掉左边的KR1E0000海图，可以充分保证航行安全。(图12)
Then continue to configure the general scale of the remaining segment. This is the discovery that only one small corner of the KR2E1000 chart is covered on the route (refer white color part).In this case, to purchase this chart is completely unnecessary (Figure 13)
然后继续配置剩余部分的一般规模。这是一个发现，只有KR2E1000图的一个小角落被覆盖在路线上(参考白色部分)。在这种情况下，购买这个图表是完全没有必要的(图13)
The remaining KR2F3000 (Figure 14) and JP24IFV0(Figure 15) are covered on the route, so consider purchasing.
剩下的KR2F3000(图14)和JP24IFV0(图15)在路线上覆盖，所以考虑购买。
When the general scale chart is completed,the option is also removed and choose the Coastal scale chart. Since the scale chart (yellow) covers most of the routes, it is considered for purchase(Figure16).
当完成一般比例尺图表时，该选项也被删除，并选择Coastal比例尺图表。由于比例图(黄色)涵盖了大部分路线，因此考虑购买(图16)。
Through this way continuously select approach scale chart, and charts covering most of the routes are also selected for purchase. (Figure 17)
通过这种方式不断选择进近比例尺图，并选择覆盖大部分航线的海图进行购买。(图17)
During selecting the harbor chart, it can be seen that C1511421 covers most of the routes, so it is considered for purchase, but C1511951 only has one small corner to cover the route, so it is not necessary to purchase. (Figure 18)
在选港图时，可以看到C1511421覆盖了大部分航线，所以考虑购买，但C1511951只有一个小角覆盖了航线，所以不需要购买。(图18)
According to this principle, the chart selection will ensure that the different scale charts is covered on the route and meets the navigation requirements. After this choice, we checked the requisition list and found that a total of 22 charts were needed. Compared with the previous automatic selection, we can save 10 charts cost. This is only the short distance from Tianjin to the ZJK. (Figure 19)
根据这一原则，海图选择将保证航路上覆盖不同比例尺海图，满足导航要求。在这个选择之后，我们检查了请求列表，发现总共需要22张图表。与之前的自动选择相比，我们可以节省10张图表的成本。从天津到ZJK只有很短的距离。(图19)
We hope that through the above demonstration, we can tell everyone that automatic chart selection can certainly guarantee security, but it is unnecessary to make additional cost for purchase. However, PSC can’t make out deficiency as vessel is not fully configured with all charts relate the route. This is unreasonable.
我们希望通过以上的演示可以告诉大家，自动选图当然可以保证安全性，但是不需要额外的购买成本。然而，PSC无法发现船舶的不足，因为船舶没有完全配置所有与航线相关的图表。这是不合理的。It is hoped that with the above explanation, you will be able to understand how to reasonably acquire nautical charts and how to communicate with the inspector about nautical charts in order to ensure the safety of navigation of ships while avoiding unnecessary costs.welcome to correct if any comments.
希望通过以上的讲解，您能够了解如何合理获取海图，以及如何与检验员沟通海图，以确保船舶航行安全的同时避免不必要的成本。如有任何意见，欢迎指正。
来源:北京新裕盛
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