民族私印的发育与消退
Private Seals in Ethnic Languages
伴随契丹、西夏、女真、蒙古族政权建立而生的新的印信形态，介入了原先单一汉字系统玺印的发展过程。诸民族文字植入汉族玺印形制，与汉字玺印并存于共同或不同的时间范围，使这一时期玺印具有更丰富的多民族文化特色。私印的应用状况，是反映当时诸少数民族印信体系发育程度的主要指标。
With the successive establishment of the Khitan Western Xia, Nuzhen and Mongolian regimes, new seal forms emerged and became part of the development process of seals, which had originally been in Chinese characters only. The writing systems of these peoples were transplanted into the seal system developed by the Han, and the new seal systems coexisted with the home-grown system in the same region or in different regions. The seals of this period display a richer diversity of ethnic cultural features and the use of private seals is a key indicator of the state of development of the seal systems among non-Han peoples.
▲辽，“京兆智远图书”
Liao, “Calligraphy and Paintings of Zhi Yuan in Jingzhao”
辽代汉字私印，代表性的有辽宁丹东振安区文管所藏1983年九连城出土的“京兆智远图书”，出土地点为辽朝旧地，风格与朝阳市博物馆藏1987年出土的辽“兴中府绫绵院”相同。
A representative of Liao private seals in Chinese characters is “Calligraphy and Paintings of Zhi Yuan in Jingzhao”, a seal excavated from the Jiulian Town of Zhen’an of Dandong city in Liaoning Province, formerly Liao Dynasty territory. Its style is identical to that of the Liao Dynasty “Seal of Brocade Office of Xingzhong Prefecture” excavated in 1987.
▲西夏，“千”
Western Xia Dynasty, “Qian”
西夏文使用时间较长，是当时其通知区域内广泛使用的文字系统。“千”为西夏字正体的私印。篆化的形式则颇类于西夏官印，外加边栏，文字结构都比较简单，当属西夏字中的单纯字。
The Western Xia script was used for a long period of time and across the wide region that came under the dynasty’s rule. The “Qian” seal was a private seal in Western Xia standard script. It shows the same word in zhuan script. The seal is rather similar to Western Xia official seals, the imprint part having an outer frame. The structure of words is simple, indicating that they are single-character words in Western Xia language.
本文节选自孙慰祖：《中国印章-历史与艺术》，外文出版社，2010年。
Sun Weizu: The History and Art of Chinese Seals, Foreign Languages Press, 2010
责任编辑：戴梦岚
实习生：黄诗坤
您的转发与点赞是对我们工作的最大鼓励！
联系客服
