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Some of the most critical maintenance activities require considerable commitments of time and effort. Examples include naming all stock items and all equipment, setting up preventive maintenance (PM) programs and developing spare parts lists. Many of these activities can be greatly simplified while still achieving most of the benefits if you know where the greatest opportunities lie. The best place to start can be identified by performing a "Pareto analysis."
一些非常重要的维护行动，需要在时间上与精力上进行相当多的投入。例子包括：给库存物件命名，设立预防性维护（PM）计划，以及制定备件清单。如果你知道最大的机会在哪的话，这些维护行动可以得到极大的简化，得到诸多的好处。最佳的入手点，可以通过实施“帕累托分析”进行识别。
Typically, improvements based on Pareto analysis are expected to achieve 80 percent of the benefits when 20 percent of the work is done. Good information records will identify the 20 percent that will provide the greatest benefits. In maintenance, the "Pareto effect" is often much stronger than 80/20. Here are a few examples.
通常而言，基于“帕累托分析”的改善，预期20%的工作做完会产生80%的收益。良好的信息记录，将能识别出提供最大收益的20%的那一部分。在维护当中，“帕累托效应”通常比80/20法则更强大。以下是一些例子：
Spare Parts Lists
备件清单
The most important spare parts lists are for those equipment items on which corrective maintenance or routine parts replacement is carried out most frequently. In one plant where a project to establish new spare parts lists had begun, an analysis of work-order records showed that 60 percent of all corrective maintenance was carried out on less than 3 percent of all equipment. Starting with this 3 percent obviously would provide a much faster return. In fact, once the 3 percent of spare parts lists was completed by maintenance experts, it would then be reasonable to use a process, such as the "automatic" spare parts list function available in many maintenance computer systems, to gradually develop the lists for the other 97 percent. Please keep in mind that automatic spare parts list generation usually results in many errors unless it is carefully managed by area maintenance experts.
最重要的备件清单，是那些经常故障维修或常规的零件更换的设备项目。在一个建立新备件清单的项目的工厂中，对工作订单记录的分析表明，60%设备维修是在不到3%的设备上进行的。从这3%开始，很显然，已制定的关键信息将可以让维修恢复的更快。事实上，一旦3%备件清单由维修专家完成，之后，使用流程是合适的，如“自动”备件清单功能在许多维修的电脑系统里面，以期提升清单外剩余的97%。请记住，自动生成的备件清单通常会有许多错误，除非清单是由区域维护专家所认真管理的。
Preventive Maintenance Inspection Programs
预防性维护检查项目
In a large pulp mill, a study of three years of equipment-level downtime records showed that, of the more than 12,000 items in the plant, 87 (less than 1 percent) caused 80 percent of all unscheduled maintenance downtime. The establishment of a PM program for these 87 items reduced the unscheduled downtime by more than 50 percent within 18 months.
在一家大型纸浆厂，对设备停机时间记录的三年的研究表明，在工厂的12000多个项目中，有87个（少于1%）项目造成了所有非计划维修停机时间80%。为这87个项目建立一个预防维护计划，在一年半的时间内，非计划的停机时间大约减少了50%。
This is an excellent example of the value of good maintenance/operating information. In this case, all downtime that resulted in less-than-target production on each shift was recorded, and the equipment that caused each loss was identified. This arguably is the best measure of maintenance because it not only provides a measure of maintenance's "product" (reliability), but it also provides this information in a form that lends itself to a Pareto analysis, which can be used directly to improve performance.
这是一个良好的维护/操作信息价值的例子。在这种情况下，所有停机时间，会导致每班记录的产量低于目标值，并且确认每台设备引起时间损失。这无疑是最好的维护措施，因为它不仅提供了维护的“产品”（可靠性）的测量，而且在报表内还提供了适合于帕累托分析的可靠性方面的信息，可以直接用于提高设备表现性。
Maintenance Costs
维护的成本
When equipment maintenance costs are important, a Pareto analysis of long- and short-term costs for all equipment items can reveal the highest-cost items, which can provide more useful information than a simple monthly report on the cost of all equipment.
设备维护成本非常重要，对所有设备项目的长期和短期成本，进行帕累托分析，可以暴露出最高成本的项目，它远比每月针对所有设备的简单设备成本报告提供的信息要更有用。
When there is a lack of data, a substitute for a Pareto analysis is to interview experienced operators, tradespeople and their supervisors to find out, for example, which equipment is repaired most frequently.
在缺乏数据时，可以通过对有经验的操作员、技工和他们的主管进行访谈的方式，去替代帕累托分析，比如，哪一台设备维修最频繁。
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