." In 1859 I obtained a very fertile descendant with large, tasty, seeds from a first generation hybrid ."
1884年1月6日，现代遗传学创始人，奥地利生物学家孟德尔逝世。孟德尔进行了著名的豌豆试验，奠定了现代遗传学的基础，对生物学产生了巨大的影响。
Words & Expressions
Augustinian [ˌɔ:ɡəsˈtiniən] adj.奥古斯丁教义的n.奥古斯丁教义
monk [mʌŋk] n.僧侣；修道士
Heredity [hə'redəti] n.遗传（过程）；遗传特征
Inheritance [ɪn'herɪt(ə)ns] n.继承；继承物（如金钱、财产等）；遗产；遗传特征
Austrian ['ɒstrɪən] adj.奥地利的；奥地利人的 n.奥地利人
Czech [tʃek] n.【国】捷克；
Hereditary [hə'redət(ə)ri] adj.遗传的；遗传性的；世袭的；
Characteristic英[.kærɪktə'rɪstɪk] n.特征；特点；品质 adj.典型的；独特的；特有的
Predictable [prɪ'dɪktəb(ə)l] adj.可预见的；可预料的；意料之中的；
recessive [rɪ'sesɪv] adj.隐性的n.【生】隐性性状
Dominant ['dɒmɪnənt] n.优势种；【生】显性性状；显性基因；
Dominant inheritance 显性遗传
Meteorological [ˌmi:tɪərə'lɒdʒɪkl] adj.气象的 meteorology [ˌmiːtiəˈrɒlədʒi]n.气象学
Astronomy [ə'strɒnəmi] n.天文学
Monastery [ˈmɒnəst(ə)ri] n.修道院；庙宇
Abbot ['æbət] n.男修道院院长
Verify ['verɪfaɪ] v.核实；证实；证明；查对 verification [ˌverɪfɪ'keɪʃ(ə)n] n.验证；检验；证明
Accurate ['ækjʊrət] adj.正确无误的；精确的；准确的；accuracy ['ækjʊrəsi] n.准确（性）；精确（程度）
Genetics [dʒə'netɪks] n.遗传学
Genome ['dʒiːnəʊm] n.基因组；染色体组
Chromosome ['krəʊməsəʊm] n.染色体
Here are some facts about Gregor Mendel.
1. Gregor Mendel was a 19th century Augustinian monk and scientist.
2. He is famous for his plant experiments which helped to establish some of the now accepted laws of heredity.
3. Mendel was born in July, 1822 on his family’s Austrian farm (although its location is now within the borders of the Czech Republic).
4. He did well at school and university, where he studied mathematics and physics. He made extra money from tutoring.
5. Mendel graduated from university in 1843, despite abandoning his studies several times because of depression. Against his family’s wishes, he studied to be a monk.
6. In 1854, Mendel began studying hereditary features in plants. Looking at pea plants, he concluded that all living things, including humans, passed on their characteristics to their children in predictable ways.
7. Gregor Mendel also experimented on mice and bees. He referred to the bees as his 'dearest little animals’, although the other monks found them annoying and asked him to get rid of them.
8. Mendel grew and tested almost 30,000 pea plants during 8 years of research. The results of his work were criticized at the time, but are now considered to be very important.
9. Mendel came up with the terms recessive and dominant, to describe types of genes that are passed down through generations. He published his work in 1866, although, at the time, it did not attract much attention.
10. He founded the Austrian Meteorological Society in 1865, and studied astronomy and the weather. Many of his scientific ideas were not widely accepted until after his death.
11. Gregor Mendel died in January, 1884 at his monastery in the Czech Republic. The Abbot who replaced Mendel burned many of his research papers to try to avoid arguments over taxes.
12. In 1900, several other scientists found his 1866 research papers and verified much of it was accurate. A lot of the research carried out into genetics and DNA over the next few decades was because of Mendel’s work.
在当时修道院院长死后，政府就会派人来查账并课以重税。正是由于这个原因，1868年，年仅四十六岁的孟德尔被选为年轻的修道院院长,并逐渐停止了科学研究。1874年，奥地利政府颁布了一项严苛的税法。孟德尔认为新税法不公平，拒绝交税，花了大笔的钱与政府打一场旷日持久的官司。其它修道院的院长纷纷被政府收买，屈服了，只有孟德尔坚拒政府的威胁利诱，决心抵抗到底。结果可想而知。法庭判决孟德尔败诉，修道院的资金被没收了。修道院的修道士们也背弃了孟德尔，向政府妥协。孟德尔的身心完全垮了，得了严重的心脏病。
1884年1月6日这天，他精神看起来“似乎不错”，护士问候了他一句：“你的气色真好。”五分钟后，前去看望孟德尔的修女发现，他靠在沙发上已经停止了呼吸。
https://www.genetics.org/content/210/2/347
https://primaryfacts.com/5365/gregor-mendel-facts-and-information/
每一个经历过心肺复苏（CPR）训练的人都亲吻过这张脸,复苏安妮（Resusci Annie）,塞纳河畔的蒙娜丽莎
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