合辑来啦 case files: Anesthesiology-case 6-9

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！为了方便大家查阅补漏以前的内容，特此整理 case 6-case 9 的学习笔记，至此 SECTION II: Fundamental Information 的9篇案例就整理结束啦。文末另附 SECTION I: How to Approach Clinical Problems 的阅读连接。希望大家能跟慧慧子一起继续后续case，加油~！

CASE 9 Preoperative Evaluation 

Case Files: Anesthesiology 学习笔记(42) 术前评估4.

Case Files: Anesthesiology 学习笔记(41) 术前评估3.

Case Files: Anesthesiology 学习笔记(40) 术前评估2.

Case Files: Anesthesiology 学习笔记(39) 术前评估1.

CLINICAL PEARLS

1. The preoperative evaluation in a vital step as the information provided can reduce the patient’s perioperative risk, as well as promote operating room efficiency by minimizing delays and cancellation on the day of surgery. Also, the preoperative evaluation is a valuable means to ease a patient’s preoperative anxiety.

2. Preoperative laboratory studies can aid in risk assessment, and guide optimization of medical treatment as well as provide baseline values that guide intraoperative treatment. Only appropriate laboratory studies should be ordered, based on the patient’s medical condition and type of surgery.

3. The ACC/AHA guidelines on preoperative cardiac evaluation consider the type of surgery as well as the patient’s active cardiac condition and functional capacity to assess a patient’s cardiac risk for surgery and need for additional testing.

CASE 8 Management of Fluid and Electrolytes 

Case Files: Anesthesiology 学习笔记(38) 液体和电解质管理3.

Case Files: Anesthesiology 学习笔记(37) 液体和电解质管理2.

Case Files: Anesthesiology 学习笔记(36)液体和电解质管理1.

CLINICAL PEARLS

1. Factors management fluid management in the perioperative setting include preoperative fasting, insensible fluid losses, blood loss from the surgical site, postoperative dietary restrictions, and nasogastric tube drainage.

2. There is little evidence to support the advantages or disadvantages of crystalloids over colloids, or vice versa.

3. The bottom line for fluid administration: biometric end points guide fluid replacement with the goal of maintaining adequate tissue perfusion.

CASE 7 Patient monitoring 

Case Files: Anesthesiology 学习笔记(35) 麻醉监测6.

Case Files: Anesthesiology 学习笔记(34) 麻醉监测5.

Case Files: Anesthesiology 学习笔记(33) 麻醉监测4.

Case Files: Anesthesiology 学习笔记(32) 麻醉监测3.

Case Files: Anesthesiology 学习笔记(31) 麻醉监测2.

Case Files: Anesthesiology 学习笔记(30) 麻醉监测 1.

CLINICAL PEARLS

1. Simply adhering to the basic monitoring standards adopted by the American Society of Anesthesiologists has been found to reduce anesthetic mortality.

2. CO2 can also be contained in a gastric "bubble". Hence, it is important to confirm endotracheal intubation by observing the end-tidal CO2 for three breaths, and auscultating the chest.

3. An appropriately sized blood pressure cuff is necessary to accurately measured blood pressure using a noninvasive technique.

CASE 6 Basic Machine Checkout 

Case Files: Anesthesiology 学习笔记(29)

Case Files: Anesthesiology 学习笔记(28) preanesthesia checkout

CLINICAL PEARLS

1. Routine check of anesthesia equipment is mandatory.

2.Ambu bag and oxygen tent are essential equipment in case of machine failure.