1. Subcutaneously → subcutaneous [.sʌbkjuː'teɪniəs] adj.皮下的皮下；皮下的 // It could be that subcutaneous delivery needs more than one dose. 一剂皮下注射可能不够。
2. Comorbidity 合并症 The term “comorbidity” describes two or more disorders or illnesses occurring in the same person. → morbidity [mɔː'bɪdəti] n.致病率；病况 // Thanks to vaccines,both the morbidity rate and the mortality rate have decreased. 现在通过疫苗这种防护以后，发病率降低，死亡率就降低了。→ morbid ['mɔː(r)bɪd] adj.病态的；与疾病有关的 // Said it was morbid for a child to visit a cemetery. 他认为让一个孩子去扫墓很惊悚。
3. Mortality [mɔː(r)'tæləti] n.死亡率；生命的有限 // Heart disease is a major cause of mortality in the Western countries. 心脏病也是西方国家人口死亡的主要原因。→ mortal ['mɔː(r)t(ə)l] n.凡人；普通人 adj.不能永生的 → immortal [ɪ'mɔː(r)t(ə)l] adj.长生的；不朽的；n.不朽的人物；名垂千古的人物 // The heroes of the people are immortal. 人民英雄是永垂不朽的。
4. Concomitant [kən'kɒmɪtənt] n.同时发生的事；伴随（或相伴）的事物 adj.相伴的 // The attainment of these multiple purposes usually requires the concomitant use of the three drugs.为了同时达到多重目的，通常需要同时应用三种药物。
5. Ginkgo ['gɪŋkgəʊ] n.银杏（原产中国）
6. Ginseng ['dʒɪn.seŋ] n.人参；西洋参
7. Garlic [ˈɡɑː(r)lik] n.【植】大蒜
8. Postoperative delirium 术后谵妄
Delirium [dɪ'lɪəriəm] n.神志失常 → delirious [dɪ'lɪriəs] adj.精神错乱的；极度兴奋的 // During the fever, the child became delirious and said some strange things. 这个孩子在发高烧时说胡话，讲了一些奇怪的事。
9. Benzodiazepine [ˌbenzɒda'æzəˌpɪn] n.苯二氮卓类；They are used for a variety of indications such as insomnia([ɪn'sɒmniə] n.失眠（症）), anxiety disorder, seizure disorder, sedation( [sɪ'deɪʃ(ə)n] n.药物镇静；镇静状态), muscle relaxation, and alcohol withdrawal.
10. Barbiturate [bɑː(r)'bɪtʃʊrət] n.巴比妥类
11. Postoperative cognitive dysfunction 术后认知功能障碍
Cognitive ['kɒɡnətɪv] adj.认知的；感知的 // When it comes to cognitive bias, he was well out. 当涉及到认知偏见时，他是完全错误的。
12. Etiology [.iːti'ɒlədʒi] n.病因学；病理学
13. Hypothesis [haɪ'pɒθəsɪs] n.假设 // Many empirical ([imˈpirik(ə)l] adj.凭经验的) results supported the hypothesis. 很多经验性结论都可证明该假设成立。→ hypothetical [.haɪpə'θetɪk(ə)l] adj.假设的；假定的 // Is he talking about a real possibility, or a hypothetical situation? 他说的是真实的可能性，还是假设的情况呢？
14. Neuronal cell 神经元细胞
15. In vitro [ɪn 'vi:trəʊ] adj.（拉丁）在生物体外进行的；在科学仪器中进行的 // in vitro fertilization 人工授精 → in vivo [ɪn 'vi:vəʊ] adj.在生物体内进行的 In vivo (Latin for “within the living”) refers to experimentation using a whole, living organism as opposed to a partial or dead organism. Animal studies and clinical trials are two forms of in vivo research.
（in vitro fertilization）
16. Susceptible (to) [sə'septəb(ə)l] adj.敏感；易受影响（或伤害等） // susceptible host 易感人群（易感宿主）
17. Perpetuate [pə(r)'petʃueɪt] v.使永久化；使持久化 // It perpetuates and feeds and creates stereotypes. 这是在传播、助长和创造刻板印象。→ perpetual [pə(r)'petʃuəl] adj.不间断的；持续的 // Nina’s perpetual moaning nearly drove me mad. 妮娜没完没了的抱怨几乎把我逼疯了。
18. Discharge from hospital 出院 discharge ['dɪstʃɑː(r)dʒ] v.释放；流出n.出院；// You can’t discharge a patient without permission. 你不能不经允许就把病人带走。
19. Ambulatory procedure 门诊手术 Ambulatory ['æmbjələtəri] typically means "the ability to walk" but in the context of surgery, it refers to patients who are able to leave the hospital the same day as the surgery, without being admitted to the hospital. // ambulatory clinic 门诊部
20. Sympathectomy n.【医】交感神经切除术 Sympathectomy is a surgical procedure that involves the cutting off or clamping of some nerves from the sympathetic( [.sɪmpə'θetɪk] adj.有同情心的；n.【解】交感神经系) nervous system.
(Thoracoscopic Sympathectomy)
Clinical Pearls
1. Regional anesthesiology should be considered for as the primary anesthetic for repair of a hip fracture.
2. Regional anesthesia is relatively contraindicated in patients who are anticoagulated and/or receiving antiplatelet therapy.
3. Administering anesthesia in the geriatric population must be guided by the physiologic changes that accompany the aging process, and which affect almost every major organ system.
4. Postoperative cognitive dysfunction is a major consideration in choosing an anesthetic technique for the elderly.
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