Case Files: Anesthesiology 学习笔记(69)心脏病人的术前评估1.

Case 16.  Preoperative Assessment of the Patient with Heart Disease

A 54-year-old man presents with new-onset “frequent indigestion and diarrhea” over the past 3 months, which his primary care physician ascribes to cholelithiasis.

一位54岁男性，因新发“频发消化不良和腹泻”3个月被主治医生初诊为胆石症。

1. Indigestion [.ɪndɪ'dʒestʃ(ə)n] n.消化不良（症）

2. Diarrhea [.daɪə'riːə] n.【医】腹泻

3. Ascribe to [ə'skraɪb] v.把…归因于；认为…归于 // The governemt ascribes the fire to carelesness. 政府将火灾归因于疏忽大意。

4. Cholelithiasis [kəʊlɪlɪ'θaɪəsɪs] n.胆石症；〔医〕胆石病

chole- pref. 表示“胆，胆汁”之义

Cholecyst ['kɒləˌsɪst] n.胆囊

Cholecystectomy [ˌkɒlɪsɪs'tektəmɪ] n.胆囊切除术

-ectomy ['ektəmɪ] n.切除术

5. A laparoscopic cholecystectomy 腹腔镜下胆囊切除

6. Myocardial infarction (MI) 心肌梗塞

Myocardial [ˌmaɪəʊ'kɑ:dɪəl] adj.【解】心肌的 

myo- pref. 表示“肌肉”

7.  non-Q-wave MI 无Q波性心肌梗塞 （NQMI），心电图上不出现病理性Q波，只表现为STT改变、血清心肌酶学升高和典型的特征性胸痛的急性心肌梗塞。

8. Lisinopril 赖诺普利 is a drug of the angiotensin-converting enzyme(ACE) inhibitor class used primarily in treatment of high blood pressure, heart failure, and after heart attacks. 血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂，主要用于治疗高血压，心衰和心脏病发作后的治疗。

9. Hydrochlorothiazide [haɪdrəkləʊrəʊ'θaɪəzaɪd] n.双氢氯噻嗪；双氢克尿塞；Hydrochlorothiazide is in a class of medications called diuretics ([.daɪjʊ'retɪk] adj.【医】利尿的n.利尿剂) ('water pills'). It works by causing the kidneys to get rid of unneeded water and salt from the body into the urine. 氢氯噻嗪为利尿药、抗高血压药。作用于肾脏排出多余的水和钠。

10. Beta blocker β-受体阻滞剂

11. A sedentary lifestyle 久坐不动的生活方式

Sedentary ['sed(ə)nt(ə)ri] adj.需要久坐的；惯于久坐不动的 // Most of them stem from sugar, fat, smoke and sedentary lifestyle. 这些疾病大多起源于糖与脂肪过量摄入及久坐的习惯。

12. Dobutamine stress test 多巴酚丁胺负荷试验 原理是模拟心脏对运动的反应，不需要体力消耗。是1984年由Mason首先应用的一种无创诊断方法，所使用的监测手段为超声心动图、核素心肌灌注显像及磁共振扫描。

Dobutamine [dɒbju:'tæmi:n] n.多巴酚丁胺

(a sedentary lifestyle)

13. Hematological [ˌhi:mətə'lɒdʒɪkl] adj.血液的

Hematology [.hiːmə'tɒlədʒi] n.血液学

14. Creatinine [kri:'ætɪni:n] n.【生化】肌酸酐

15. Blood glucose 血糖

glucose ['ɡluːkəʊz] n.葡萄糖；右旋糖

16. Borderline ['bɔː(r)də(r).laɪn] adj.所属不清的；两可之间的；临界的 between two very different conditions, with the possibility of being unacceptable. // My blood pressure was borderline, and the doctor said I should lose weight. 我的血压在临界值，医生说我应该减重。

17. Cardiomegaly [kɑ:dɪəʊ'megəlɪ] n.〔医〕心脏肥大；心肥大

Cardio-['kɑ:diəʊ] pref. 表示“心脏”之义 

Mega- ['meɡə] pref.表示“大，巨大的”之义

18. NSR 正常窦性节律 normal sinus rhythm, The rate in NSR is generally regular but will vary depending on autonomic inputs into the sinus node.

19. Occasional PACs 偶发房早 Premature atrial contraction, or PACs, are “extra” heartbeats that arise within the atria of the heart. 房性早搏，源于心房的异位激动。

Premature ['premətʃə(r)] adj.过早的；提前的；

Atriam ['eɪtriəm] n.【解】心房

20. LVH 左室肥大- left ventricular hypertrophy is enlargement and thickening (hypertrophy) of the walls of your heart's main pumping chamber (left ventricle). 左室肥大 心脏主泵（左室）的室壁变大增厚。 

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