Case 18. Anesthetic Management
of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Given the age of the patient and the anatomy of the aneurysm, the surgeon has made the decision to schedule the placement of an endovascular aorto-bifemoral stent. An open repair of the patient’s abdominal aortic aneurysm will be performed if the endovascular repair cannot be performed successfully. 考虑到患者高龄以及动脉瘤的解剖特点，外科医生决定择期行血管内主动脉-双股动脉血管内支架植入术。如果血管内修补失败，即行开放式腹主动脉修补术。
( Anastasia 这部百老汇音乐剧真的好看，
喜欢这个风格的可以移步B站，欣赏资源 )
01. coexisting diseases 合并症
coexist [ˌkəʊɪɡˈzɪst] v.共存 // Luxury and penury ([ˈpenjəri] n.贫困；贫穷) have always coexisted there in uneasy tension. 奢华和贫困两种现象一直以来都并存于这个城市，其紧张关系也令人不安。
02. arthritis [ɑː(r)ˈθraɪtɪs] n.关节炎It causes inflammation in the lining of your joints (the synovium [sɪ'nəʊvɪəm] n.关节囊滑膜 ).
arthr- ( ar'thrō ), A joint, anarticulation; corresponds to L. articul-. [G. arthron, a joint, fr. arariskō ,to join, to fit together]
03. a sedentary lifestyle 久坐不动的生活习惯
Sedentary [ˈsed(ə)nt(ə)ri] adj.需要久坐的；惯于久坐不动的 adj. requiring sitting or little activity. "forced by illnessto lead a sedentary life".
04. avoidance [əˈvɔɪd(ə)ns] n.避免；回避 同：cop-out, dodging,ducking, eluding, elusion, escape
05. hasten the aneurysm’s rupture 加速动脉瘤破裂
hasten ['heɪs(ə)n] v.促进；急忙进行；赶紧说（或做）；使加快// He hastened to take it off, but it was knotted very tightly.
aneurysm [ˈænjəˌrɪz(ə)m] n.动脉瘤
rupture [ˈrʌptʃə(r)] n.破裂；断裂 v.破裂；（使容器或管道等）断裂 A rupture is a severe injury in which an internal part of your body tears or bursts open, especially the part between the bowels and the abdomen. (体内组织) 破裂
05. albeit [ɔːlˈbiːɪt] conj. 尽管；虽然 // Albeit diligent, the child made little progress. 虽然勤奋，但是那孩子进步很小。
06. emanate [ˈeməneɪt] from v. 产生；（抽象可感的东西）散发；表现出（品质）originate from; be produced by. // In her first term, between 2005 and 2009, she coped with financial turmoil emanating from America. 在她的第一任期2005-2009年间，积极应对美国金融危机带来的影响。
07. All in all, his condition is good compared to many patients who undergo this procedure. 总的来说，他的整体状态比进行同类手术的其他患者好。
all in all na. everything considered; on the whole. 总而言之，总的来说
08. capnography 二氧化碳浓度监测仪 Capnography is an instrument used to measure the amount of carbon dioxide in exhaled air and represents the readings in a waveform tracing.
09. The use of central venous pressure(CVP) monitors, pulmonary artery catheters, and/or transesophageal echography(TEE) is optional and should be tailored to specific situations. 中心静脉压监测，肺动脉置管，和/或经食道超声心动图等监测项目可根据具体情况选择使用。
central venous pressure (CVP) 中心静脉压力
pulmonary artery catheters 肺动脉置管
transesophageal echography (TEE) 经食道超声心动图
be tailored to [ˈteɪlə(r)d] adj.定做的；合身的；特制的；专门的: To change, adapt, or customize something so as to be correct or ideal for a particular person, thing, group, or situation.
10. urine output [ˈjʊrɪn ˈaʊtpʊt] 尿量; 尿液排出量; 尿排出量;
11. suprarenal supra-renal 肾上的 → Infrarenal infra-renal 肾下的
supra- 源于拉丁语，意为over → infra- 源于拉丁语，意为below,beneath, beyond
12. exsanguination [eks'sæŋgwəneɪtɪŋ] n.大出血；放血；去血
13. a synthetic graft [sɪn'θetɪk] adj.人造的；（人工）合成的；
graft [ɡrɑːft] v.【医】移植（皮、肉）n.植入物（surgery） tissue or organ transplanted from a donor to a recipient; in some cases the patient can be both donor and recipient
14. It is thus associated with less surgical morbidity, enabling it to be considered as a viable therapy for patients considered too ill to be candidates for the traditional open repair. 因可减少手术并发症，所以对于病情严重无法耐受传统开放修补手术的患者来说，(血管内修补)是一个可行的选择。
Morbidity [mɔrˈbɪdəti] 发病率
Viable [ˈvaɪəbl] 可行的；同: feasible, executable, practicable
15. a bifurcated graft 分叉状的（血管）植入物
bifurcate [ˈbaɪfə(r)keɪt] v.分叉；成叉状；使分叉
under fluoroscopic guidance 在荧光透视镜显影指导下
fluoroscopic [flʊ:ərə'skɒpɪk] adj.荧光镜的 → fluoroscopy [ˌflʊə'rɒskəpɪ] n.透视检查Fluoroscopy is a type of medical imaging that shows a continuous X-ray image on a monitor, much like an X-ray movie.
16. metabolic equivalent (MET) 代谢当量: The metabolic rate consuming 3.5 mL of oxygen per kilogram of bodyweight per minute or a metabolic rate consuming 1 kcal per kilogram of bodyweight per hour. 代谢当量是以安静且坐位时的能量消耗为基础，表达各种活动时相对能量代谢水平的常用指标。可以用来评估心肺功能。1MET=耗氧量3.5ml/(kg·min)。
Case Files: Anesthesiology 学习笔记(77)腹主动脉瘤患者的麻醉管理1.
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