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--来自百度网盘超级会员V5的分享
One of the most important points to remember when caring for
patients with head injuries is that whatever injured the head may have also
injured other parts of the body.
1. bulge [bʌldʒ] v.凸出；鼓胀 // They (the rats) were huge and black with red, bulging eyes. 它们巨大黝黑，红色的眼睛向外突着。// A pungent smell of rotting rubbish came from the pile of bulging bin-bags just inside the broken gate. 一股腐烂垃圾的刺鼻臭味儿从破败的大门里那堆鼓鼓囊囊的垃圾口袋里散发出来。
2. pulsate [pʌlˈseɪt] v.有规律地跳动（或发声）to make strong regular movements or sounds / It’s a pulsating star that swells and shrinks periodically. 它是一颗脉动的恒星，周期性地膨胀和收缩。
3. diuresis [ˌdaɪjʊə'ri:sɪs] n.【医】利尿；多尿 increased excretion of urine caused by excessive intake of fluids, a drug, or a disease → oliguresis [ɒlɪgjʊ'ri:sɪs] n.少尿；尿过少( oliguria [ɒlɪ'gjʊərɪə] n.【医】尿少)
4. perilous ['perələs] adj.危险的；艰险的 // A perilous rescue effort is still underway. 危险的救援工作仍在进行中。// This is a perilous hour for all of us.眼下对于我们每个人来说都是危险时刻。
strain [streɪn] n.压力；张力 v.扭伤；拉紧 // The issue has previously strained bilateral relations. 该问题之前曾一度让双边关系紧张。// He strained his neck looking over his shoulder again, with the same result. 他又试着伸长脖子越过肩膀去看，结果还是一样。
large swing in ..大的波动 // International stock markets have seen dramatic swings and losses.国际股市出现了剧烈的波动和暴跌。// The broody frustration began to surface in scary mood swings. 深深的挫折感随着可怕的情绪波动开始浮出水面。
6. … the control of ICP is of paramount importance in the patient’s recovery.
paramount [ˈpærəmaʊnt] n.最高；有最高权力的人；adj.至为重要的；首要的；至高无上的 // We should be fighting for social justice for a better society. And gender equality is paramount for a better society. 我们应该为社会正义和更好的社会而奋斗，性别平等对更好的社会来说，至关重要。// The inner collections are of course of paramount interest to both the art researcher and art lover alike. 对于艺术研究者和艺术爱好者而言，最让他们感兴趣的当然还是里面的收藏品。
7. intraparenchymal: situated or occurring within the parenchyma of an organ.
parenchyma [pə'reŋkɪmə] n.实质；实质组织 【解】腺细胞组织 the essential and distinctive tissue of an organ or an abnormal growth as distinguished from its supportive framework.
实质内出血 Intraparenchymal or Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is when blood suddenly bursts into brain tissue, causing damage to your brain.
8. neurogenic [ˌnjʊərə'dʒenɪk] adj.起源于神经组织的；神经源的 1. relating to the growth of nerve tissue 2. arising in or stimulated by nerve tissue or the nervous system
9. insipidus [in-ˈsi-pə-dəs]
10. ketotic hyperosmolar syndrome 酮症高渗综合征
ketotic [kē-ˈtɔ-tik] adj. → ketosis [ki:'təʊsɪs] n.【医】酮病 → ketose ['kiːtəʊs] n.酮醣 keto- na.表示“酮”；“ket-”的变体
hyperosmolar 高渗的 → osmolar [ äz-ˈmō-lər] adj. → osmolarity [ɒzmə'lærɪtɪ] n.克分子渗透压浓度；容积渗克分子浓度
高渗高糖状态 Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) is a complication of diabetes mellitus in which high blood sugar results in high osmolarity without significant ketoacidosis ([ki:təʊæsɪ'dəʊsɪs] n.酮体酸中毒).
hyperglycemic [ˌhɑɪ-pər-glɑɪ-ˈsē-mik] adj.促血糖增高的；血糖过多的 → hyperglycemia [ˌhaɪpə(r)ɡlaɪˈsiːmiə] n.【医】高血糖
糖尿病高渗非酮症昏迷 Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic coma (HHNKC) is an extremely serious complication which can happen in those with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. It most often occurs in those who are non-insulin dependent (type 2 diabetes).
Clinical Pearls
2. While invasive arterial monitoring is desirable for anesthesia for a craniotomy, a rapidly deteriorating neurological status may take precedence.
3. Traumatic head injuries may be associated with other types of traumatic injuries, particularly injuries of the chest.
4. Severe intracranial hypertension can precipitate reflex arterial hypertension and bradycardia (Cushing triad). A rapid reduction in systemic blood pressure in these patients may precipitate cerebral ischemia by reducing cerebral perfusion pressure.
Case Files: Anesthesiology 学习笔记(118).硬膜下血肿5. / Case Files: Anesthesiology 学习笔记(117).硬膜下血肿4. / Case Files: Anesthesiology 学习笔记(116).硬膜下血肿3. / Case Files: Anesthesiology 学习笔记(115).硬膜下血肿2. / Case Files: Anesthesiology 学习笔记(114).硬膜下血肿1.
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