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01. follicular [fə'lɪkjʊlə] adj.【解】小囊的
follicle ([ˈfɒlɪk(ə)l] n.卵泡；（毛）囊)
02. ovulation [ˌɒvjʊ'leɪʃn] n.排卵 the discharge of a mature ovum ([ˈəʊvəm] n.卵；卵子) from the ovary ([ˈəʊv(ə)ri] n.卵巢)
03. surge [sɜː(r)dʒ] n.激增；急剧上升；飞涨；激增 to suddenly increase in value
04. nucleus [ˈnjuːkliəs] n.核；核心；细胞核
05. secretory vesicles 分泌囊泡；分泌小泡
Vesicles n.囊泡 are small, membrane-enclosed sacs that store and transport substances to and from one cell to another and from one part of a cell to another.
ovary [ˈəʊv(ə)ri] n.卵巢
developing
primary follicle un.发育中的初级卵泡
early corpus luteum 早期黄体
06. graves disease 格雷夫斯病，也称为: 巴塞多氏病 Graves' disease is an immune system disorder that results in the overproduction of thyroid hormones (hyperthyroidism).
Hyperthyroidism [ˌhaɪpə'θaɪrɔɪdɪzəm] n.甲状腺功能亢进 Hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid) occurs when your thyroid gland produces too much of the hormonethyroxine ([θaɪˈrɒksiːn] n.【生化】甲状腺素). Hyperthyroidism can accelerate your body's metabolism, causing unintentional weight loss and a rapid or irregular heartbeat.
Common signs and symptoms of Graves' disease include:
Anxiety and irritability ([ˌɪrɪtə'bɪlətɪ] n.易怒)
A fine tremor ([ˈtremə(r)] n.震颤) of the hands or fingers
Heat sensitivity and an increase in perspiration ([ˌpɜː(r)spəˈreɪʃ(ə)n] n.汗) or warm, moist skin
Weight loss, despite normal eating habits
Enlargement of the thyroid gland (goiter [ˈɡɔɪtə(r)] 甲状腺肿 )
Change in menstrual cycles (un.月经周期)
Erectile dysfunction ([ɪˈrektaɪl] 勃起障碍) or reduced libido ([lɪˈbiːdəʊ]n.性欲)
Frequent bowel movements
Bulging eyes (Graves' ophthalmopathy [ɒf'θælməʊpəθɪ] n.〔医〕眼病)
Fatigue ([fəˈtiːɡ] n.疲劳)
Thick, red skin usually on the shins ([ʃɪn] n.胫) or tops of the feet (Graves'dermopathy ['dɜ:məʊpəθɪ] n.皮肤病)
Rapid or irregular heartbeat (palpitations [ˌpælpɪˈteɪʃ(ə)nz] n.心悸)
Sleep disturbance
(The Thyroid Gland and Your Diet)
07. thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin 甲状腺刺激免疫球蛋白
immunoglobulin [ˌɪmjənoʊ'glɒbjələn] n.【生化】免疫球蛋白 Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is a backup response that your immune system uses to fight and neutralize toxins, viruses, and bacteria.
08. thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) un.促甲状腺激素；甲状腺刺激激素
09. thyroid gland 甲状腺 The thyroid gland is located in the front of the neck, right below the larynx ([ˈlærɪŋks] n.喉) and next to and around to the trachea ([trəˈkiːə] n.气管). It’s a butterfly shape due to the gland consisting of two lobes that are connected by a piece of tissue called the isthmus (['ɪsməs] n.峡部). Each lobe is filled with follicles that contain hormones the body needs to function. Two capsules surround the thyroid gland—an outer layer that connects to the voice box muscles and surrounding nerves, and one in between this layer and the thyroid gland that allows the thyroid to move when swallowing or talking.
10. affinity [ə'fɪnəti] n. 亲和性 plural. affinities // Whatever bears affinity to cunning is despicable. 只要你的做法带有几分狡诈，都应该受到鄙弃。// All the elements in the periodic table have a different affinity for electrons. 元素周期表中的所有元素对电子都有不同的亲和力。
11. anovulation [ænɒvjʊ'leɪʃ(ə)n] n.排卵停止 Anovulation is a condition in which a person does not ovulate. The condition is a common cause of infertility([ˌɪnfə(r)ˈtɪləti] n.不孕).
12. ligand ['lɪgənd] n.【化】配合基[体]
13. endocrine gland [ˈendəʊkraɪn ˌɡlænd] un.内分泌腺 Any of various glands producing hormonal secretions that pass directly into the bloodstream. The endocrine glands include the thyroid ([ˈθaɪrɔɪd] n.甲状腺), parathyroids (n.甲状旁腺), anterior and posterior pituitary([pɪ'tju:ɪtəri] n.垂体), pancreas (['pæŋkriəs] n.胰腺), adrenals ([əd'ri:nlz] n.肾上腺), pineal ([paɪ'ni:əl] n.松果腺), and gonads ([ˈɡəʊnæd] n.【生化】性腺).
15. multicellular [ˌmʌltɪˈseljʊlə(r)] adj.【生】多细胞的
16. action potentials 动作电位 action potential, the brief (about one-thousandth of a second) reversal of electric polarization (un.电极化) of the membrane of a nerve cell (neuron) or muscle cell. In the neuron an action potential produces the nerve impulse, and in the muscle cell it produces the contraction required for all movement.
17. synaptic transmission [sɪ'næptɪk] [trænz'mɪʃ(ə)n] un.突触传递 Synaptic transmission is the process at synapses (['saɪnæps] n.突触) by which a chemical signal (a transmitter) is released from one neuron and diffuses to other neurons or target cells where it generates a signal which excites, inhibits or modulates cellular activity.
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