电子书！Case Files: Anesthesiology 学习笔记(140).剖宫产4.

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麻醉学案例 Case 34 

Routine Cesarean Section and Local Anesthetic Toxicity  

01. salient ['seɪliənt] adj.最重要的；显著的 standing out conspicuously // Harshness is a salient feature in the sounds of crying newborns, barking dogs and frightened piglets. 刺耳是新生儿哭声、犬吠和受惊吓小猪叫声的显著特征。

02. dilutional adj.稀释性的

dilutional anemia 稀释性贫血 anemia ([əˈniːmiə] n.【医】贫血) caused by enhanced plasma volume is often referred to as dilutional anemia (or hemodilitional anemia).

03. red cell mass un.红细胞总量 The total blood volume (BV un.血容量) consists of the part occupied by red blood cells (RBC un.红细胞), which is referred to as red cell mass (RCM), and that occupied by plasma (ie, plasma volume).

04. peripheral vascular resistance 外周血管阻力 Peripheral vascular resistance (systemic vascular resistance, SVR) is the resistance in the circulatory system that is used to create blood pressure, the flow of blood and is also a component of cardiac function.

05. accommodate [əˈkɒmədeɪt] v.容纳；顺应 to adapt oneself // I make an exceptional  effort to accommodate you. 我也付出额外的努力来适应你。// If you feel like you always have to accommodate to others, it may have stemmed from your parents, who withheld love from you, forced impossible expectations on you and practive unfair ways of disciplining you. 如果你觉得你常常要迎合他人，这可能是因为父母没有给你足够的关爱，对你有过高的期待，以及不合理的惩罚方式。

06. parturient [pɑː'tjʊərɪənt] adj .产子的；临产的 bringing forth or about to bring forth young → parturition [ˌpɑ:tjʊ'rɪʃn] n.分娩 →  parturifacient  [pɑ:ˌtʊərɪ'feɪʃənt] adj.催产的

07. maneuver [məˈnuːvə(r)] n.演习，方法，策略  a procedure or method of working usually involving expert physical movement // Every maneuver was accomplished with extraordinary precision. 每一个动作都精准的完成了。

08. diaphragmatic [daɪəfræg'mætɪk] adj.膈的；横隔膜；隔膜的 → diaphragm [ˈdaɪəfræm] n.膈；隔板；横膈膜 a body partition of muscle and connective tissue；specifically : the partition separating the chest and abdominal cavities in mammals

09. functional residual capacity un.功能性残气量 Functional residual capacity (FRC), is the volume remaining in the lungs after a normal, passive exhalation. In a normal individual, this is about 3L.

Ventilation and Pulmonary Blood Flow

10. collapse [kə'læps] v.崩溃；折叠 to fall or shrink together abruptly and completely : fall into a jumbled or flattened mass through the force of external pressure  n.崩溃；塌陷 a state of extreme prostration and physical depression (as from circulatory failure or great loss of body fluids)

11. atelectasis [ˌætə'lektəsɪs] n.【医】肺膨胀不全 plural atelectases

collapse of the expanded lung；also : defective expansion of the pulmonary alveoli at birth

12. preoxygenation n.预先呼吸氧 Preoxygenation is the administration of oxygen to a patient prior to intubation to extend 'the safe apnoea time’. Preoxygenation before anesthetic induction and tracheal intubation is a widely accepted maneuver, designed to increase the body oxygen stores and thereby delay the onset of arterial hemoglobin desaturation during apnea. Because difficulties with ventilation and intubation are unpredictable, the need for preoxygenation is desirable in all patients.

Jugular vein distention (JVD)

13. engorgement[ɪn'gɔ:dʒmənt] n.充盈；肿胀 especially : to fill with blood to the point of congestion // engorgement of breast un.乳房肿胀 // engorgement of jugular vein un.颈静脉扩张

14. oropharynx [əʊrə'færɪŋks] adj.〔解〕口咽  the part of the pharynx ([ˈfærɪŋks] n.咽) that is below the soft palate (na.软腭) and above the epiglottis ([ˌepɪˈɡlɒtɪs] n.会厌) and is continuous with the mouth

15. vocal cords n.声带 The two true vocal cords (or folds) represent the chief mechanism of the larynx ([ˈlærɪŋks] n.喉) in its function as a valve for opening the airway for breathing and to close it during swallowing.  

16. airway mucosa 气道粘膜

Spirally ['spaɪrəli] adv.〔机〕成螺旋形地

Fibroblast ['faɪbrəblæst] n.【生】纤维原细胞

Connective issue na.结缔组织

Epithelium [ˌepɪ'θiːlɪəm] n.【生】上皮

Subepithelial collagen layer 上皮下胶原层

17. hypercoagulable 高凝血  coagulable [kəʊ'ægjʊləbl] adj.能凝结的

coagulate [kəʊˈæɡjʊleɪt] v.(使)凝结；(使)成一体  to cause to become viscous or thickened into a coherent mass : CURDLE, CLOT

18. deep vein thrombosis n.深静脉血栓形成 Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) occurs when a blood clot (thrombus) forms in one or more of the deep veins in the body, usually in the legs. Deep vein thrombosis can cause leg pain or swelling. Sometimes there are no noticeable symptoms.

thrombosis [θrɒmˈbəʊsɪs] n.血栓形成 plural thromboses : the formation or presence of a blood clot within a blood vessel  

19. pulmonary embolism un.肺动脉栓塞

A pulmonary embolism is a blood clot that blocks and stops blood flow to an artery in the lung. In most cases, the blood clot starts in a deep vein in the leg and travels to the lung. Rarely, the clot forms in a vein in another part of the body. When a blood clot forms in one or more of the deep veins in the body, it's called a deep vein thrombosis (DVT).

20. thrombocytopenia n.血小板减少症 persistent decrease in the number of platelets in the blood that is often associated with hemorrhagic conditions

21. progesterone [prəʊˈdʒestərəʊn] n.孕酮；黄体酮 a female steroid sex hormone that is secreted by the corpus luteum (na.黄体；【医学】黄体激素) to prepare the endometrium ([ˌendəʊ'mi:trɪəm] n.【解】子宫内膜) for implantation and later by the placenta during pregnancy to prevent rejection of the developing embryo or fetus

also : a synthetic steroid resembling progesterone in action 

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