冒充恐袭受害者：令人恶心的推特恶作剧
译者 ：李林治
校对：徐唱
词汇：尹子梦
策划：周润发
After the bombing, several posts of fake victims went viral. We look at the disturbing trend that keeps fooling social media
曼市爆炸案后，一些虚假受害者的照片在网上疯传。让我们看看这不断愚弄社交媒体的恼人现象。
本文选自 The Guardian | 取经号原创翻译
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The tweets usually go something like this.
那些推特一般这样写：
“My son was in the Manchester Arena today he’s not picking up my call”
“我的儿子今天在曼切斯特体育场，他没有回我电话”
“Help my sister is missing in #Munich, she was working in Mcdonalds when the shooting started”
“帮帮我，我姐姐不见了#慕尼黑，枪击发生时她正在麦当劳工作”
“My sister was in #Nice near the accident, please help, my mama is crying”
“我姐姐在#尼斯恐怖袭击案发地附近，请帮帮我，我的妈妈正在痛哭”
The posts all have something in common – they were all sent after an attack in a European country and were all fake. Attached to each was a picture of someone who wasn’t at the scene; some weren’t even in the same country.
这些帖子都有一些共同点——它们都是在欧洲国家的某次袭击后发出的，而且都是假的。附带照片上的人都不在现场；有的甚至不在事件发生的那个国家。
In the wake of the Manchester attack, family members of people genuinely caught up in Monday night’s terror searched desperately for news of their loved ones. Many turned to social media. Collages of the missing were created by people who wanted to help.
周一晚上的曼切斯特袭击之后，真实受害者的家人们绝望地找寻他们心爱的人的消息。很多人在社交媒体上寻求帮助。失踪人口档案簿就是那些想提供帮助的人创立的。
In the wake of: 随着…而来;作为…的结果 If one thing follows in the wake of another, it happens after the other thing is over, often as a result of it.
But as their posts went viral, so did the hoaxes. And this time, some ended up being published by major news outlets in the media scramble which traditionally follows a terrorist attack.
但当这些求助信息被迅速传播时，虚假的帖子同样会开始病毒式传播。在恐袭之后，媒体一般会争相报道相关新闻，以至于这些假消息甚至得到了主流媒体的转载。
scramble: / ?skr?mbl; ˋskr?mbl/ n ~ (for sth) rough struggle (to get sth) 争夺; 抢夺: There was a scramble for the best seats. 大家都在抢最好的座位.
‘I felt violated’
‘我觉得被冒犯了’
Rachel Devine had just come out of surgery when she received a message from a friend asking if her daughter Gemma was OK. Someone had seen a post claiming she was at the concert.
瑞秋·迪瓦恩（Rachel Devine）刚结束手术就收到一条消息：朋友问她的女儿嘉玛（Gemma）是否安全。有人看到一条推特说她女儿在那场演唱会。
This was strange, because Devine knew Gemma was not in Manchester; she was at her school in Melbourne, Australia.
这很奇怪，因为迪瓦恩知道嘉玛不在曼切斯特。她在澳大利亚墨尔本的学校里。
“I was actually recovering from surgery so unable to respond quickly,” Devine said. “I can only assume that in the rush to get ‘the story’, news producers found the image and plea for help and ran with it. Her face was all over the Daily Mail in their ‘breaking coverage’.”
“我当时正在手术的恢复期，没法马上回应，”迪瓦恩说道。“我只能假设，为了快点有‘故事’，新闻发布者就找到了这张照片和援助请求，然后就发了出去。她的照片布满了《每日邮报》的‘突发报道’板块。”
Gemma’s picture was included in the collages of victims which Devine said she had seen everywhere, even on the Facebook pages of Australian breakfast TV shows.
嘉玛的照片也在受害者档案簿里。迪瓦恩说她不管在哪儿都能看这些图片，甚至在澳大利亚早餐电视节目的脸书主页上。
collages: (用彩色纸片、布块粘贴而成的)拼贴画 A collage is a picture that has been made by sticking pieces of coloured paper and cloth onto paper.
“Gemma was initially confused, as one can imagine,” said Devine. “She is only concerned about the people who were actually lost in the tragedy and their families, and that people understand that she had absolutely nothing to do with the false spread of her image.”
“每个人都可以想象，嘉玛一开始很困惑，”迪瓦恩说道。“她只担心那些真正在悲剧中去世的人，以及他们的家人；还有人们是否理解她和虚假照片没有一点关系。”
A tweet using Gemma Devine’s image claims she was in Manchester, even though she lives in Australia. Photograph: Rachel Devine
使用嘉玛照片的推特声称她在曼切斯特，尽管她住在澳大利亚。照片来源：瑞秋·迪瓦恩
As a blogger, Devine said she was used to people stealing her images and those of her children. “I often hear from ‘trolls’ about how terrible I am to expose my children to such risks by sharing their images online or allowing my kids to share their own images online, but my family will not live our life in fear.
作为一个博客写手，迪瓦恩说她曾习惯了人们窃取她和她孩子的照片。“我经常听到‘投饵者’告诉我，我在网上分享孩子的照片，或者允许孩子在网上分享他们的照片是很危险的，但我的家人们不会生活在恐惧中。”
Trolls：“投饵者”用来指喜欢在网路上刻意发表激怒别人的言论的人。也包含故意张贴和主题亳无关联的留言的人
“That is our choice on how we will experience life and connect with others.”
“我们如何体验生活、和他人建立联系，都是我们的选择。”
Meanwhile, in Ohio, Karen Bowersox was watching in horror as the retweets racked up of a photo of a young boy who had modelled for her clothing range for children with Down’s syndrome.
与此同时，俄亥俄州的凯伦·鲍尔索克斯（Karen Bowersox）提心吊胆地看着一则推特被不断转发，推特中的男孩是她服装品牌的小模特，该品牌会为唐氏综合症的孩子设计服装。
racked up: （商业上）大量获得（利润），遭受(严重损失)，热销；（体育中）获胜，得（分）If a business racks up profits, losses, or sales, it makes a lot of them. If a sportsman, sportswoman, or team racks up wins, they win a lot of matches or races.
A fake social media post of a model for Karen Bowersox’s company Down’s Designs. Photograph: Twitter
图中社交媒体张贴的虚假照片为凯伦·鲍尔索克斯公司唐氏设计的小模特。图片来源：推特
“I have this loving business and then someone takes this beautiful little child’s picture and exploits this child,” she said. “I tried to call the mother but I couldn’t get a hold of her. I’m worried about how she must be feeling about all that.”
“我一直爱着这份事业，而今却有某些人利用这个可爱的孩子获利，”她说道。“我试过拨通他母亲的电话，但没成功。我很担心她现在是作何感想。”
get a hold of: 设法和…取得联络 If you get hold of someone, you manage to contact them
Bowersox said she received calls and emails from people who believed she was responsible for the post. “There was one from this lady who said she was going to report our website, she thought probably it was our company or something that had done this.
鲍尔索克斯说，她收到很多人的电话和邮件觉得是她发了那条推特。“有一位女士说她将会举报我们的网站，她觉得也许是我们公司或者其他有关的人做了这件事。”
“I sent her a nice explanation and explained the picture was out there and we certainly had nothing to do with exploiting this little boy. I felt terrible, just terrible.”
“我给她发了一份详细的说明，向她解释被流传出去的照片绝对不是我们在用这个小男孩获利。我感觉很糟，真的很糟。”
Her other concern was that people would use this image to try to set up fraudulent fundraising accounts. “This guy could have maybe got money for all this, saying ‘my poor brother’. He could have elaborated a very intense story over this had people not found out.”
她另外还担心会不会有人利用这张照片建立欺诈捐款账户。“利用这张照片的人可能已经借着‘我可怜的弟弟’的名义圈到了不少钱。他可能还精心编织了一则煽情的故事来欺骗众人。”
fraudulent /?fr??dj?l?nt US ?fr??d??-/ adj intended to deceive people in an illegal way, in order to gain money, power etc 欺诈性的
Bowersox and Devine’s immediate thoughts were of the real victims and their family members. “I am heartbroken for those parents who were doing something fun for their kids by taking them to Ariana Grande’s show and were left with such tragedy,” said Devine.
鲍尔索克斯和迪瓦恩第一个想到的是那些真正的受害者们和他们的家庭。“对于那些只是想带他们的孩子听爱莉安娜·格兰德演唱会开心一下，但却以悲剧结尾的家长，我很心痛，”迪瓦恩说道。
It’s tricky trying to get some of the posters to talk.
尝试找一些发布照片的人谈一谈是一件困难的事情。
A hoax tweet attempting to claim a YouTuber was a victim of the Manchester attacks. Photograph: Twitter
一则假推特试图声称一名优客在曼切斯特袭击中遇难。图片来源：推特
One person did agree to explain the thinking behind this form of trolling.
有一个人愿意来解释这些投饵背后的故事。
@Gamergateantifa told the Guardian it was mainly about fooling the media. “It has become sort of a competition of who can fool the news. The only way to give it enough ‘credibility’ is to fool a lot of people.”
@Gamergateantifa告诉《卫报》，这么做主要是想戏弄媒体。“这已经变成了某种比赛，看看谁能骗过新闻媒体。唯一能使假消息得到足够的媒体‘信任度’，就是骗过很多人。”
The trend started, @Gamergateantifa claims, with a well-known hoax involving Sam Hyde, a comedian with a history of pranks. Social media users would use photos of him after any breaking news involving a shooting or a terrorist attack, usually attempting to fool the media into thinking he was the perpetrator.
@Gamergateantifa 称，这种潮流始于一场有关山姆·海德（Sam Hyde）的著名恶作剧。他是一个长期以来被捉弄的喜剧演员。社交媒体用户会在任何枪击或恐怖袭击事件突发后，使用他的照片，通常为了戏弄媒体，让其相信他是罪犯。
perpetrator /?p??p?tre?t? US ?p??rp?tre?t?r/ n [C] formal someone who does something morally wrong or illegal 犯恶者，作恶者
“People see something on social media and instantly think it’s true. Let’s say you saw a tweet, would you take a look at my profile first before making any decisions about spreading it?
“人们一旦在社交媒体上看到一些东西，就马上信以为真。我们假设你看到一条推特，你会先看看我的主页，再决定是否要转发吗？
If you did, you would find out I was lying instantly.”
如果你会，你马上就会发现我在骗人。”
“But the thing is, when this kind of thing stops happening is when the people or the media start doing basic research. Can’t say that’s a bad deal.”
“但事实是，当人们或者媒体开始做一些基本的调查后，这类事件才会停止。不能说这是件不好的事。”
After every suspected terror attack for at least the last year, posts attempting to claim prominent internet celebrities or journalists are either a perpetrator or victim have appeared on Twitter.
至少在过去一年中，每次疑似恐怖袭击之后，推特上就会出现试图声称某某知名网络红人或者某某知名记者要么是犯罪者要么是受害者的消息。
It hasn’t been limited to terrorist attacks, either. After the EgyptAir crash in May 2016, the BBC reported on hoax victim posts, most of which originated in Mexico. Hoaxers later told journalists they used one man’s photo because he had cheated them out of money. “Our goal is to ruin his reputation. We want the whole world to recognise his face,” they told France 24’s The Observers.
这也不仅仅发生在恐怖袭击之后。2016五月的埃及航空坠机后，BBC就报道了几则虚假受害者的帖子，大部分来自墨西哥。恶作剧者之后告诉记者，他们用这个男人的照片是因为他骗了他们的钱。“我们的目的是毁了他的名声。我们想让全世界都知道他长什么样，”他们告诉法国24电视台观察者网站记者。
Alastair Reid, a social media journalist at the Press Association, said: “Misinformation has become a regularly discussed topic over the last six months.
一名英国国家通讯社社交媒体记者阿拉斯塔尔·雷德（Alastair Reid）表示，“虚假信息已在过去六个月成为了经常被讨论的话题。”
“The groundwork has already been laid for hoaxers and liars on social media. And here we have people exploiting the deaths of children at a pop concert, seemingly for fun.
“恶作剧者和骗子的地基已在社交媒体上铺好，还有人用在演唱会中去世的孩子们寻开心。”
“Those circumstances make the ‘fake victim’ tweets particularly sickening.”
“这些情况让‘虚假受害者’推特显得尤其恶心。”
sickening /?s?k?n??, ?s?kn??/ adj very shocking, annoying, or upsetting 使人恶心的
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<原文链接：https: www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/may/26/the-story-behind-the-fake-manchester-attack-victims="">
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