概述:
主谓一致是指谓语动词和主语在人称和数上保持一致,遵循三个原则:
语法一致原则、意义一致原则、就近一致原则。
考点一:语法一致原则
主语和谓语通常是在语法形式上一致,即主语是单数形式时,谓语动词也采用单数形式;
主语是复数形式时,谓语动词也采用复数形式。
1.当and或both ...and ...连接两个或两个以上的名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
Tom and Mike are good friends.
汤姆和迈克是好朋友。
Both Lucy and Lily are students.
露西和莉莉都是学生。
2.不 定 代 词 either,neither,each one,the other,another,anybody,
anyone,anything,someone,somebody,something,everyone,
everybody,everything,nobody,no one,nothing等作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
Is there anything wrong with your bike?
你的自行车有什么毛病吗?
Everyone is ready for the sports meeting.
大家都为运动会做好了准备。
3.由each,each ...and each ...,every,every ...and every ...作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
Each boy and each girl was given a new uniform.
给了每一个男孩和每一个女孩一件新校服。
4.主 语 后 接 有 with,along with,together with,as well as,including,
besides,like,except,but等词或短语时,谓语动词的数由主语的单、复数形式决定。
Mr. Green with his wife and two daughters is coming to Beijing.
格林先生将和他的夫人及两个女儿一块儿来北京。
5.a number of+名词复数作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;
the number of+限定词+名词复数作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
A number of trees were cut down.
许多树木被砍倒了。
The number of the students in our class is 32.
我们班的学生人数为32。
6.“a lot of (lots of,plenty of,a pile of,piles of,most of)+名词”和“分数或百分数+名词”等作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于名词。
如果是不可数名词,则谓语动词用单数形式;
如果是可数名词复数,则谓语动词用复数形式。
Lots of people have been there.
很多人去过那儿。
7.由“a pair(a kind,a series ...)+of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;“pairs(kinds ...)+of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
A pair of sunglasses is lying on the table.
桌子上放着一副太阳镜。
Fifty pairs of shoes are made each day.
每天能制作50双鞋。
8.某些只有复数形式的名词(如clothes,trousers,shorts,pants,shoes,
gloves ...)作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
My glasses were worn out.
我的眼镜坏了。
9.不定式或动词-ing形式作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
Reading is learning.读书就是学习。
To see is to believe.眼见为实。
【即学即练】
1.My sister with my parents dumplings when I got home yesterday evening.
A.are making B.is making
C.was making D.were making
2.In our school library there a number of books and the number of them growing larger and larger.
A.is; are B.has; is
C.are; is D.have; are
3.—The price of vegetables so quickly these days.
—Oh, no, but I don’t think so.
A.afford B.rises
C.improves D.raise
4.Climbing hills of great help to our health.
A.was B.were
C.is D.are
1.答案:C 2.答案:C
3.答案:B 4.答案:C
考点三:就近原则
有时谓语动词的形式与靠近它的主语一致,这种原则叫作就近一致原则。
1.由either ...or ...,neither ...nor ...,not only ...but (also) ...,not ...but ...
或or连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词与较近的主语保持一致。
Not only my parents but also I am looking forward to meeting my uncle.
不只是我父母,我也盼望看到我叔叔。
2.there be ...和here be ...这两个句式中的动词be常与最近的主语在数上保持一致。
There is a table and three chairs in Tom’s room.
在汤姆的房间有一张桌子和三把椅子。
【即学即练】
1.—What would you like to have for supper?
—Either noodles or rice OK. I don’t mind.
A.are B.were
C.is D.was
2.Neither Tom nor I interested in playing the game.
A.am B.is
C.are D.be
3.There many new words in Lesson Nine, so it is very easy.
A.is B.aren't
C.isn't D.are
1.答案:C 2.答案:A 3.答案:B
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