A lack of sunshine takes a toll on many of us. （Winter blues 冬季忧郁）
缺乏阳光会对我们许多人造成损害。
Seasonal changes can shift moods. In winter, they can cause irritability, fatigue, loss of concentration, weight gain and sleepiness.
季节性变化会改变情绪。在冬天，它们会导致易怒、疲劳、注意力不集中、体重增加和困倦。
From December through March, River Valley Behavioral Health's call volume increases between 15 to 20 percent, said Lionel Phelps,
莱昂内尔·菲尔普斯说，从12月到3月，河谷行为健康公司的呼叫量增加了15%到20%，
clinical psychologist and vice president of research and development for RiverValley Consulting Services.
临床心理学家，河谷咨询服务公司研发副总裁。
"We see more people reporting depressive symptoms," he said.
“我们看到更多的人报告有抑郁症状，”他说。
Seasonal affective disorder is a type of depression related to changes in seasons.
季节性情感障碍是一种与季节变化有关的抑郁症。
Up to 6 percent of Americans experience winter depression, according to the medical journal American Family Physician.
据医学杂志《美国家庭医生》报道，高达6%的美国人患有冬季抑郁症。
Another 10 to 20 percent may exhibit mild symptoms.
另有10%至20%的患者可能表现出轻微症状。
One theory is that less sunlight reduces the amount of serotonin the brain produces. Serotonin is a feel-good chemical.
一种理论认为，阳光的减少会减少大脑产生的血清素（神经递质）的数量。血清素是一种感觉良好的化学物质。
Also, reduced sunlight in winter may disrupt the circadian rhythm, which is a person's 24-hour internal clock.
此外，冬季日照减少可能会扰乱昼夜节律，即一个人的24小时生物钟。
"Even on cloudy days, people may benefit from going outside," Phelps said. "It only takes a few minutes a day to make you feel better."
菲尔普斯说：“即使在阴天，人们也可以从户外活动中受益。”。“每天只需几分钟就能让你感觉好一点。”
Fifteen to 20 minutes is adequate, he said.
他说，15到20分钟就足够了。
Some people may benefit from bright-light therapy with a 10,000 lux light.
有些人可能会受益于10000勒克斯的强光疗法。
As a preventive method, people can use a lightbox in autumn before winter begins.
作为一种预防方法，人们可以在冬季开始前的秋天使用灯箱。
Natural or full-spectrum lights have an anti-depressant effect.
自然光或全光谱光有抗抑郁作用。
Phelps had other recommendations, which include exercising 30 minutes at least five days a week, maintaining a nutritious diet, getting proper rest and remaining socially active.
菲尔普斯还有其他建议，包括每周至少五天锻炼30分钟，保持营养饮食，适当休息，保持社交活动。
"Social support is really important," he said.
“社会支持真的很重要，”他说。
SAD affects four times more women than men, and younger adults are more prone to seasonal changes than older people.
SAD对女性的影响是男性的四倍，年轻人比老年人更容易受到季节性变化的影响。
Also, those prone to depression are more susceptible to SAD, Phelps said.
菲尔普斯还说，容易患抑郁症的人更容易患上SAD。
Although it's less common, some people experience SAD in summer. The symptoms are less appetite, weight loss and trouble sleeping.
虽然不太常见，但有些人在夏天会感到悲伤。症状是食欲减退、体重减轻和睡眠困难。
Phelps said people generally start to improve from winter SAD in April and May.
菲尔普斯说，人们通常从4月和5月的冬季悲伤开始改善。
"It's normal to have some days when you feel down," according to information found on the Mayo Clinic website.
梅奥诊所网站上的信息显示，“有时情绪低落是正常的。”
"But if you feel down for days at a time and you can't get motivated to do activities you normally enjoy, see your doctor."
“但是，如果你一次情绪低落好几天，而且你无法激发自己去做平时喜欢的活动，那就去看医生。”
ADHD 多动症
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
OCD 强迫症
obsessive compusive disorder
be on a self-imposed
takes a toll on 造成损失
take a heavy toll (on sb/sth) 造成重大损失
rate
a fixed amount of money that is asked or paid for sth 指所索取或付出的价格、费用：
interest rates
利率
charge
an amount of money that is asked for goods or services 指商品或服务的要价、收费：
an admission charge
入场费
fee
( rather formal ) an amount of money that you have to pay for professional advice or services, to go to a school or college, or to join an organization 指专业服务费、咨询费、学费、会费：
legal fees
诉讼费
rent
an amount of money that you regularly have to pay for use of a building or room 指房屋租金。
在美国英语中，rent可用以表示rental（租金）：
dues
an amount of money that you have to pay so that you can be a member of an organization 指应缴会员费
toll
an amount of money that you have to pay to use a particular road or bridge 指道路、桥梁的通行费
tariff
( rather formal ) a list of fixed prices that are charged by a hotel or restaurant for rooms or meals, or by a company for a particular service 指旅馆、餐馆或公司的服务价目表、收费表
季节变化
季节性情感障碍
改变情绪
易怒
注意力丧失
通话量
临床心理学家
咨询服务
报告抑郁症状
表现出轻微症状
抗抑郁作用
血清素
扰乱昼夜节律
生物钟
强光疗法
全光谱光
易于
易受..影响
激励自己去做
Seasonal changes
Seasonal affective disorder
shift moods
irritability
loss of concentration
call volume
clinical psychologist
Consulting Services
reporting depressive symptoms
exhibit mild symptoms
anti-depressant effect
serotonin
disrupt the circadian rhythm
internal clock
bright-light therapy
full-spectrum lights
be prone to
be susceptible to
get motivated to do
联系客服
