2017年10月高等教育自学考试《外刊经贸知识选读》试题
课程代码：00096
一、单项选择题
1. Big corporations usually bring much needed business expertise and management skills to developing countries.（D）
A. experience B. method C. practice D. knowledge
2. Because RMB is not fully convertible, it cannot be attacked by foreign speculators. （B）
A. available B. exchangeable C. probable D. divisible
3. Large number of companies move their head offices to Dubai to seek lucrative investment opportunities（C）
A. good B. further C. profitable D. luxury
4. The administration sent Congress its ambitious plan to revamp the transport infrastructure completely. （C）
A. repeat B. recall C. reconstruct D. relocate
5. They lack the political clout to restore investor confidence or attract more foreign aid. （C）
A. cloud B. method C. influence D. system
6. Budget cuts will wind up costing the state more money. （C）
A. blow wind B. speed up C. end up D. use out
7. The economic underpinnings of private industry come from our reform and open policy. （D）
A. theories B. critics C. explanation D. bases
8. The government plans to curtail economic growth to avoid speculative bubbles. （D）
A. retail B. continue C. cover D. restrict
9. China's foreign trade has improved substantially since its reform and open policy. （D）
A. fast B. confidently C. excellently D. considerably
10. The agreement on trade relations between China and Australia comes into force in July 2015. （C）
A. ends B. arrives at C. takes effect D. calls off
11. The rural people in China are getting richer and aspire to improve their living standard. （B）
A. able to B. long for C. start up D. cope with
12. The state-owned enterprises are no longer in the driver's seat of our foreign trade. （D）
A. relevant B. impatient C. excellent D. dominant
13. The laggard domestic economy resulted from continual civil war in the tribal region. （D）
A. developed B. developing C. rich D. slow
14. This occurred at the onset of U. S. financial crisis in 2008, deepening the recession. （A）
A. beginning B. sunset C. end D. growth
15. Because of China's encouraging foreign investment, foreign investors are eligible to have extra tax preference. （A）
A. qualified B. illegal C. unable D. forbidden
二、将下列中文词组译成英文
16．惩罚性关税：punitive import tariff
17．硬通货：hard currency
18．基础设施：infrastructure
19．国内生产总值(全称)：Gross Domestic Product
20．垄断：monopolize
21．反通货膨胀政策：deinflationary policies
22．兼并：merger/merge
23．经常项目：current account
24．流动资产：liquid assets
25．债务调整：debt restructuring
三、将下列英文单词或词组译成中文
26．import quotas：进口配额
27．trade deficit：贸易逆差
28．conglomerate：跨行业公司
29．exclusive contract：独家经销合同
30．foreign-exchange reserves：外汇储备
31．manufactured goods：制成品
32．stock exchange：证券交易所
33．Bank of International settlements：国际清算银行
34．market share：市场份额
35．means of production：生产资料
四、阅读文章并回答问题
Passage 1
To convince bottlers that the new products can match or exceed the sales of existing brands without heavy discounting or couponing, Coca-cola and PepsiCo will have to cut back on special promotion, then ply the bottlers with the resulting sales data. But their most useful tactic will be to offer the bottlers generous cooperative advertising deals on the new sodas, and extra money to promote the old ones. Bottlers may come in for a little arm-twisting as well. "It is often very subtle," says an industry executive who prefers not to be named. "The Coca-cola representative will say 'That decision is not going to sit very well in Atlanta' or something like that."
36. What is the implication of"resulting" here?
答： (The sales data) resulting from sales with the "special promotion" cut back.
37. It is the bottlers' decision.
答：Whose decision is" that decision"7
38. It refers to something conflicting to the Coca-cola's top leaders' decision.
答：Does "that decision" refer to something in line with Coca-cola's top leaders' decision or conflicting to theirs?
Passage 2
Income Gap: In fulfilling those hopes, however, Korea faces some potentially disruptive problems. Some are social. For all the progress, deep pockets of poverty exist throughout the country. In Seoul, glistening high-rise apartment houses jostle with warrens of slum housing; in remote rural communities people are still eking out subsistence livings. As a result, conspicuous consumption by a nouveau riche elite has become a real source of friction. In contrast to Japan, which has managed to spread its postwar wealth relatively evenly, Korea is beset by a widening income gap between rich and poor.
39. What is the usually meaning of the expression" a deep pocket" ?
答："a deep pocket" usually means "a large sum of money".
40. What does"deep pockets" mean here?
答：Here" deep pockets" means serious problems, a terrible situation.
41. The expression" deep pockets" is used here ironically, what does it indicate?
答：It is used here ironically to indicate that in spite of fast economic growth in South Korea, sad poverty still exists throughout the country.
五、正误判断题
如果正确，请填写“T”，如果错误，请填写“F”。
Passage 1
East Europeans Fear Protectionism
With the collapse of the Comecon trading systems two years ago, the countries of Eastern Europe cut ties with one another and reoriented their trade to West European markets.
Helped by the lifting of many European Community and European Free Trade Association (EYFA) trade barriers, Eastern leaders had hoped that the signing of free trade agreements with the EC and EFTA earlier this year would further integrate their economies with the West.
But a spate of measures restricting imports from the East has raised concerns across the region that Western Europe has no intention of letting the East compete on an equal footing.
Western European measures:
In April, the EC imposed a ban on livestock, meat and dairy products from 18 eastern countries. The EC followed with antidumping duties and "voluntary" export restraints on certain steel products from Hungary and Poland. And just days after signing the EFTA free-trade agreement in early April, Austria introduced import quotas on chemicals, cement, agricultural machinery and steel from Eastern Europe. West Europeans claim that their eastern neighbors have an unfair advantage because of low wages, state subsidies and low environmental standards.
Although the EC and EFTA agreements are supposed to lift tariffs and trade barriers on most industrial goods over 10 years, most agricultural products are not included in the agreements. This is criticalfor Hungary, with its extensive farm sector.
42. The countries of Eastern Europe are welcomed by their western neighbors in foreign trade.（F）
43. Antidumping duties are levied on goods sold abroad at a price below that charged in the domestic market.（T）
44. The Eastern European countries have their competitive advantages in low wages.（T）
45. Hungary will be further benefited from the EC and EFTA agreements.（F）
46. Quotas and" voluntary" export restraints are non-tariff barriers.（T）
Passage 2
Oil companies act to save refining margins
London, Jan. 27 (Reuter)- major oil companies flexed their muscles to salvage profit margins from oil refining this week, supporting oil product prices and depressing crude oil.
By limiting the amount of crude oil running through their refineries, oil companies are hoping to eat away at burgeoning (迅速增长的) stocks of unused heating fuel and at the same time boost demand and prices for crude oil.
A broker in London said that throughout reduction at European refineries was ultimately a bearish signal for all oil prices, products and crude.
"There may well be less output from refineries, but if demand is weak, that's still bearish for prices," he said.
Brokers cited tumbling gasoline prices in New York as another negative influence.
Traders on New York's futures trading pits sold gasoline futures heavily on news that New Jersey may not enforce the use of a new cleaner grade of gasoline in its sales at the pump.
State officials in New Jersey argued that they have almost attained their pollution targets and are unwilling to enforce expensive winter regulations controlling fuel quality.
"We feel we've done a lot to improve our air quality, if we're not in attainment, we're very close," said Amy Coilings of the New Jersey department of environment protection.
Traders said that if New Jersey does not enforce clean gasoline regulations, demand for the grade will fall.
47. To stimulate demand and prices for crude oil, oil companies try to reduce the amount of crude oil at their refineries and the stocks of unused heating fuel.（T）
48. A bearish signal usually means price decreasing in the market.（T）
49. The state officials are unwilling to control fuel quality because they don't have money.（F）
50. The tumbling gasoline prices in New York have no affect on the oil prices in London.（F）
51. Enforcing clean gasoline regulations will further improve the air quality in New Jersey.（T）
六、翻译题
52. It is no coincidence that government departments in the various emirates are welcoming bids from consultants that are new to the area. Easily lured away from the recession-hit West by the notion that the streets of Abu Dhabi and Dubai are paved with gold, these companies are tending to submit very low offers to gain a foothold in the area. While there undoubtedly is work about and the outlook for the UAE is bright, the ever increasing competition among consultants and contractors means that margins are being squeezed. In the opinion of one major local consultant, the only way forward is to diversify: "Diversification into project management in the oil and gas sector is the only way to secure continuity of work and revenues and keep international calibre consultants on the ground."
译：各酋长国的政府部门都很欢迎对该地区还很陌生的许多公司进行投标，这绝非巧合。受经济衰退打击的西方很容易被阿布扎比和迪拜的街道铺满黄金的想法吸引来，他们倾向于以很低的报价在该地区获得立足点。阿联酋无疑有工程可做而且前途光明，但投标者和承包商之间不断的竞争意味着利润下降。在 当地一位主要投标者看来，眼前唯一的出路是经营多样化：“确保继续有活干、有收入并使国际承包商立于不败之地的唯一办法是兼营油气行业的项目管理。”
2018年4月高等教育自学考试《外刊经贸知识选读》试题
课程代码：00096
一、单项选择题
1. The pattern of China' s foreign trade has changed substantially since China opened to the outside world.
A. considerably B. partially C. scarcely D. suddenly
2. The sophistication of the industrial structure needs the support of advanced technology.
A. building B. upgrade C. completion D. reform
3. A number of countries in the EU are confronted with debt problems.
A. angry B. disappointed C. concerned D. faced
4. By opening the district to foreign investments, competition was introduced into its economy.
A. exclusive B. recommended C. brought D. imposed
5. If an enterprise is within the zone, it will enjoy a preferential tax rate.
A. high B. favored C. low D. free
6. American industry was booming by the autumn of 1942.
A. flourishing B. diminishing C. decreasing D. changing
7. A surplus of exports over imports will boost employment.
A. influence B. harm C. promote D. dampen
8. Increase in China' s growth rate helped to sustain high rate of growth in the East Asian region.
A. create B. get C. push D. maintain
9. Government procurement of recycled paper stimulates recycling.
A. spending B. purchasing C. supporting D. propaganda
10. As Europe's economy has soured, free-market ideas face new challenges.
A. developed B. changed C. worsened D. grown
11. What the community had completed was the legal framework, but not the blueprint for how the single market would actually work.
A. step B. plan C. way D. goal
12. In 1992, China ousted the US to become the second largest exporter to the emirate.
A. followed B. caught C. expelled D. replaced
13. The draft agreement contains many sensible new rules for global trade.
A. concludes B. includes C. excludes D. continues
14. Unstable crude prices prompted falls in platinum and gold.
A. steady B. unsuitable C. unbearable D. unsteady
15. This year the company hiked Sprite' s advertising budget to $ 40 million.
A. rose B. slashed C. raised D. reduced
二、判断题
Passage 1
On GATT--WTO
Conclusions of the Uruguay Round are truly a triumph in adversity. Securing agreement among so many countries on such a complex raft of trade agreements frequently seemed an insuperable challenge in the past years. To have done it at a time of sluggish growth, political uncertainty and protectionist pressures is an extraordinary achievement.
Whatever the shortcomings of the result, the original vision of a broad expansion of international trade law is now much closer to fulfillment. More remarkably still so is the dream that drove the founding fathers of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade: that of a liberal, rules-based international trading system overseen by an authoritative world trade organization. Just as the GATT helped foster economic integration and growth in the postwar decades, the new agreement should provide powerful underpinning for the world economy, fresh impetus to competition, fresh hope for those developing and former communist countries that have been opening up to international commerce.
Several individuals deserve credit. Mr. Peter Sutherland and before him Mr. Arthur Dunkel, GAIT directors-general, worked tirelessly to cajole recalcitrants--especially the US and EU—into settling differences. Mr. Mickey Kantor, US trade representative, has dispelled the most serious doubts about his and the administration' s commitment to multilateral free trade. Sir Leo Brittan, the European trade commissioner, played a difficult hand with consummate skill and by luring France into the fold, arguably saved the Union from a political crisis of alarming proportions.
16. It was not difficult for the member countries of the GATT to reach an agreement on trade.
17. Although the agreement reached in the Uruguay Round negotiation is believed to be a remarkable achievement, it offers nothing new to the world economy.
18. One of the functions of WTO is to monitor that a liberal, rules-based international trading system is observed by member countries.
19. The Uruguay Round of negotiation moved a step forward to the broad expansion of international trade law.
20. The member states of European Union, which negotiated as one party, took a unanimous stand on all questions from beginning to end in the Uruguay Round.
Passage 2
Globalization: Who Benefits from It?
We should be asking if the USA is harmed by globalizafion. If so, how can it be remedied?
Although international trade itself is generally beneficial to participating nations, a trade deficit is always economically detrimental to the nation' s economy. The USA' s trade deficit of goods bas been annually increasing for over a half century. There' s no reason to believe it will not continue to do so as we continue to seek pure free trade.
For over a barf century the USA' s continuously increasing annual trade deficits of goods have been such a significant catalyst. Our annual GDP and median wages (平均工资) have been less than otherwise due to our pursuit of pure unrestricted free trade.
A trade deficit' s detriment ( 损害) to the GDP greatly exceeds the amount of the deficit itself. This is its multiplier effect. Any harm to the GDP affects the median wage. If the US Congress determines we practice global charity, it should be funded by all US tax payers rather than its greater proportionate burden upon lower wage and salary earning families.
In 2003 Warren Buffett' s concept to significanfiy decrease the USA' s trade deficit of goods was published.
The self-funding proposal is market rather than government driven and requires no constitutional amendment. It will increase rather than decrease the USA' s aggregate sum of imports plus exports.
We can enjoy cheap imports and a greater purchasing power brought about by higher median wages.
21. The USA' s trade deficit of goods has been annually rising for over a century.
22. If it were not for its continuously increasing annual trade deficits, the USA' s annual GDP and median wages would have been higher.
23. If the US Congress determines they practice global charity, it should be funded by all US tax payers equally.
24. Warren Buffett objected to the significant decrease of USA' s trade deficit of goods.
25. The self-funding proposal is government driven and requires no constitutional mendment.
三、将下列中文词组译成英文
26．国民收入
27．优惠税率．
28．生活水平
29．国内生产总值
30．兼并
31．经济衰退
32．自由贸易
33．新兴工业
34．试销
35．资本市场
四、将下列英语单词或词组译成中文
36. joint venture
37. the Special Economic Zone
38. commercial hub
39. portfolio investment
40. countervailing duty
41. macroeconomic factors
42. brain trust
43. baby-boomers
44. infrastructure
45. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
五、简答题
Passage 1
Gold: lower. After coming in for early support on news of strike action affecting mines belonging to gold fields of South Africa, values declined in line with platinum and New York advices as miners were encouraged to return to work by management promises of negotiation. The fall in oil prices also brought pressure to bear but good resistance at around the 400 dollars per ounce level permitted a brief rally. However, values suffered a late decline to below 400 dollars per ounce in line with New York as the dollar strengthened on news of a decline in the U. S. budget trade and a cut in the bank of Japan's discount rate.
46. What does "coming in for early support" mean?
47. What meaning does the word "advice" carry in the given context7 And what were "New York advices" ?
48. ""' the dollar strengthened on news of a decline in the U. S. budget trade and a cut in the Bank of Japan's discount rate." How could the above-mentioned developments help strengthen the dollar?
Passage 2
In this sense, South Korea is treading a path not taken by Japan. While Japanese interests span the globe, few foreign firms have successfully penetrated Japan' s home turf. Korea, too, has a legacy of xenophobia; and the Koreans are clearly wary of opening their markets to high-powered Western competitors. But they are tentatively doing just that, so far with a momentum unmatched by Japan. The aim is to defuse the protectionist pressures that have hobbled U. S. -Japanese trade relations and, in time, to enter the ranks of the world' s developed nations. That' s no small order, but the Koreans think it can be filled fairly simply. At bottom, says Nam Due Woo, chairman of the Korea Traders Association, South Korea needs only "some degree of sweat and some degree of technological sophistication." And that's precisely what has already lifted Korea, Inc. into contention.
49. What does the writer mean by the word "sweat"?
50. What does "technological sophistication" refer to here?
51. Can you explain"…lifted Korea, Inc. into contention"?
六、翻译题
52. U.S. government officials worry that the explosive growth in countertrade will weaken the world trading system. By concealing the real prices and costs of transactions, says one U. S. trade representative, the various forms of barter may conceal and help perpetuate economic inefficiencies in the marketplace.
Barter can also be risky business. "Many companies," says David Yoffie, "suffer losses because they' re stuck with products of poor quality or with the wrong specifications."
International trade by barter is, according to some experts, an inefficient and expensive means of doing business compared to trading with money. On the other hand, some other experts assert that the rise of countertrade provides practical solutions to the debt problems of the international monetary system.
2018年10月高等教育自学考试《外刊经贸知识选读》试题
课程代码：00096
一、单项选择题
1. The jobless rate fell sharply from 6.8% in June to 4.4% in November.
A. leveled B. decreased C. stumbled D. jumped
2. China has adopted a series of measures designed to strengthen international economic cooperation.
A. took B. abandoned C. accepted D. planned
3. They plan to raise money on the international capital market.
A. lend B. lift C. exchange D. collect
4. It is highly essential to upgrade the industrial equipments because they are outdated.
A. sell B. buy C. renovate D. replace
5. American has an increasingly large stake in good relations with China.
A. stock B. interest C. involvement D. share
6. The opening of securities and real-estate markets has created new opportunities
A. challenges B. risks , C. dangers D. chances
7. For the second year in a row, the economies in this region virtually stagnated.
A. quickened B. expanded C. depressed D. prospered
8. Experts give several explanations of this region's robust economic performance.
A. strong B. perfect C. weak D. ideal
9. The whole world is noticing the present frictions between the two countries.
A. wars B. negotiations C. talks D. conflicts
10. American's strengthening economy caused an increase in American demand for Japanese imports.
A. forcing B. growing C. slipping D. weakening
11. Korea's surging $ 81 billion economy was churning out a flood of increasingly sophisticated products.
A. 'selling out B. running out C. producing D. stocking
12. $ 2,000 million in financing would be arranged for the next phase of development.
A. stage B. sector C. way D. goal
13. Stock is convertible into cash or other securities.
A. available B. negotiable C. suitable D. changeable
14. The explanation for the general weakness in commodity prices is complex.
A. simple B. apparent C. complicated D. abstract
15. Major suppliers are making great efforts to increase the competitiveness of their products to expand market share.
A. enlarge B. control C. dominate D. explore
二、判断题
Passage 1
China Leaps Towards Top 10 Traders
China this year is expected to enter the "top ten" of the world's trading nations, leapfrogging Taiwan and South Korea in the process. But China's extraordinary export growth is also bringing increased pressures for liberalization and improved access to its markets.
Sensitive to these pressures, emanating mainly from the US, whose trade deficit with China in 1992 reached $ 18 bn, Chinese officials have promised to quicken the pace of reform. One of China's main aims is to rejoin the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade as soon as practicable, perhaps this year.
The Chinese see early GATT membership as one way of dealing with bilateral pressures from its main trading partners--the US, Japan and Germany--all of which are restive about their yawning trade gaps with China.
China's powerful Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade will be monitoring trade signals from the new Clinton administration, expected to be less tolerant of the imbalance than its predecessor. Congress has also signaled a growing restiveness on the China trade issue.
An early indication of the state of China-US trade relations is likely to come in the next few weeks when officials of the office of the Special Trade Representative--the first high-level Clinton team to come to Beijing--sit down to discuss GATT-related issues.
The US officials are certain to press their Chinese counterparts to speed liberalization in line with the US-China market agreement reached last October. Under this, Beijing agreed over the next few years to remove about 75 percent of its non-tariff barriers on a global Most Favoured Nation (MFN) basis.
16. Before entering the "top 10" of the world's trading nations, China was behind Taiwan and South Korea.
17. China concerned a great deal with the pressures from the U. S. who was restive about its trade deficit with China.
18. As China is a developing country, her main trading partners wouldn't care much about their trade imbalance with China.
19. The Clinton administration acted more friendly than the previous one though it had harsh words about China.
20. The U. S. officials would require their Chinese counterparts to open China's markets for American goods at a more rapid pace.
Passage 2
Brand Value
Since the recession hit, about 40% of grocery shoppers say they've switched over to store brands. But how much can you really save? And how do these foods taste anyway?
Consumer specialist Ric Romero teamed up with Consumer Reports to find out if store brands will satisfy your taste buds.
It used to be when you walked down a store aisle, this is what you might see: boring black and white packages containing generic brands that looked and usually tasted pretty dull. But in recent years, Consumer Reports' Tod Marks says," All that's changed."
"Consumer Reports has long surveyed our subscribers about their preferences when it comes to food, and 70% of those we surveyed said the quality of store brands is really quite high in their minds."
Consumer Reports' trained tasters compared leading brand names with store brands, trying 29 different foods. They did blind taste tests on everything from salsa to frozen strawberries. Betty Crocker's Au Gratin Potatoes went heart-to-head with Great Value by Walmart. And the winner?Great Value, at half the price.
Old EI Paso Thick N' Chunky Salsa battled it out with Costco's Kirkland Signature Organic. Kirkland's Medium Salsa is tastier and is almost half the price.
Overall, tasters found the store brands as good as or better than big-name brands 23 out of 29 times. So switching to store brands can be a good way to save money spent on groceries.
21. About 70% of grocery shoppers say they've switched over to store brands because of economic concerns.
22. Store food brands used to have a bad image of boring packages and dull tastes.
23. Great Value is a leading brand name rather than a store brand.
24. Kirkland's Medium Salsa beat the big-name brand in both taste and price.
25. The survey found that most store brands were just as good as or even better than leading Brands, and much cheaper.
三、将下列中文词组译成英文
26．有形贸易
27．合作(经营)企业
28．高技术经济
29．商品市场
30．国民生产总值
31．贸易政策
32．既得利益
33．海湾地区
34．消费品
35．经济结构
四、将下列英文单词或词组译成中文
36. current account
37. capital stock
38. Chinese Economic Area
39. anti-inflationary monetary policy
40. barrier-free market
41. trade balance
42. a hermit nation
43. import tariff
44. exclusive contract
45. spot market
五、简答题
Passage 1
When the European Community's vast single market officially takes effect on Jan. 1, there will be no balloons and brass bands, and holiday fliers between EC cities will still face passport checks at airports. Europeans will wake up on New Year's Day with the same 10 percent unemployment and doubts about European unity.
"There won't be the big bang some might have expected," says Ricardo Perissich, EC director- general for the single market.
Yet in its current dour mood, Europe risks almost overlooking the revolutionary step forward it has taken in creating the world's largest and wealthiest barrier-free market and on a continent where, for centuries, economic battles have led to some of history's bloodiest wars.
46. What conclusions could you draw from the pictures presented in the 18t paragraph?
47. In what sense is "revolutionary" used here?
48. What did the writer worry about for Western Europe here?
Passage 2
"The whole concept that we can turn this around right now is patently ridiculous," says an American trader who has lived and worked here since 1952. "The vested interests are being shaken and slowly moved, but at a pace too slow for the eyes to follow."
That view is echoed by a U. S. diplomat closely involved in the efforts to open Japanese markets to American goods, Washington's stock solution to the ballooning trade imbalance.
"Japan is a relationship society rather than a transactional society," he says. "You cannot alter that kind of a system with a television speech or a batch of general proposals, no matter how well intentioned they are."
49. Paraphrase "a pace too slow for the eyes to follow".
50. "Japan is a relationship society rather than a transactional society." What's your understanding of this sentence?
51. What does the word "transactional" mean here?
六、翻译题
52. In matters relating to the environment, the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, held in June 1992 in Rio de Janeiro, produced an "Earth Charter", or declaration of basic principles for the conduct of nations and peoples with respect to environment and development; agreements on specific legal measures, including conventions (公约) on climate change and biodiversity, and principles for a framework agreement on forests; and an agenda for action ( "Agenda 21" ), establishing the environmental work program agreed by the international community for the period beyond 1992 and into the twenty-first century.
2019年4月高等教育自学考试《外刊经留知识选读》试题
课程代码：00096
一、单项选择题
1. Their tax rates jumped from 21% to 36%.
A. decreased B. reached C. increased D. hit
2. Supply and demand on the currency market will generally balance.
A. fall B. increase C. grow D. equal
3. A major objective of the government is to increase the proportion of industrial exports.
A. decision B. measure C. goal D. policy
4. Imports of capital and consumers goods are exempted from customs duties, and a uniform 15% income-tax rate is applied.
A. varied B. unchanging C. respective D. combined
5. In the United States, women were first granted the right to vote on August 18, 1920.
A. given B. taken C. rewarded D. trusted
6. After World War II the United States emerged as the dominant industrial power in the world.
A. first B. threatening C. giant D. leading
7. Aggregate demand is the overall value of planned expenditures in an economy.
A. Total B. Average C. Marginal D. Fixed
8. The Gulf crisis had severely adverse effects on the economies of Middle Eastern countries.
A. favorable B. harmful C. helpful D. relative
9. In addition, economic growth is skidding to an anticipated 1% next year.
A. jumping B. amounting C. sliding D. climbing
10. Japan's government was opposed to America's trade policy for some products.
A. agreed B. consented C. hesitated D. objected
11. Sooner or later their manufacturing sector would lose their competitive edge.
A. side B. advantage C. force D. end
12. Such projects are not favored by foreign consultants as the profit margins are thin.
A. large B. big C. small D. abundant
13. The Uruguay Round would raise global welfare by more than $ 100 billion a year, and spur world economic growth.
A. stimulate B. support C. increase D. dampen
14. Commodity prices have continued to tumble from the peak they reached in the second quarter.
A. raise B. run C. leap D. fall
15. In a hot contest General Electric Trading Co. won a contract of $ 150 million project in former Romanian because it agreed to conclude the transaction on a counter-trade basis.
A. debate B. argument C. competition D. cooperation
二、判断题
Passage 1
The World Economy
Canada's new Liberal government "has to start rebuilding the economy," Dornbusch writes. "Public finance is rotten; industry is dull. But... there is an understanding of what has to happen."
Inflation is lower in Canada than in the US, allowing the Bank of Canada to lower interest rates over the next year without much risk of a rout for the Canadian dollar on foreign exchange markets.
The Japanese economy remains in trouble, with output falling two quarters in a row for the first time in decades. An appreciation of more than 15 per cent in real terms in the yen over the past two years has hurt Japanese competitiveness, Dornbusch notes. The fiscal package to stimulate the economy, to be implemented next April, "will help some but not much".
At best, Dornbusch predicts, the Japanese economy will grow a real 1 per cent next year. Japan is in a situation which business is singularly ill-equipped to handle. The entire belief system of decades--superiority of the Japanese culture and business system, sustained growth, social cohesion, lifetime employment, accommodating finance, the US can be managedmare all up for grabs. Bad news !
Outside Japan, Asia booms. China tried to slow down its economy, but apparently abandoned that effort at a Communist Party meeting last month. Growth in national output is expected to run at an astonishing 13 per cent this year.
South Korea has its woes, and so do a few other economies, Dornbusch notes. But "there are
no major obstacles to continued growth in Asia: savings rates are high, access to external capital is plentiful, and the world trading system is staying open. Asia cannot fail to do well."
16. The present economic situation in Canada presents nothing to be optimistic about.
17. The high value of the Yen has contributed to the incompetitiveness of Japanese manufacturers.
18. The Japanese people have lost their total confidence in the belief system built up over many years.
19. Asian countries, having solved all their problems, are going to fare through 1993.
20. China's national output growth running at 13% is considered very high and implausible.
Passage 2
Made-in-China Goods in the US
It's been ten years since China joined the World Trade Organization. Since then, the country's exports, particularly to the United States, have skyrocketed. Most Americans regularly buy oducts made or assembled in China. Steve Mores reports from the US city of Denver on how residents of that city feel about the made-in-China label.
They know it or not, the Americans are massive consumers of Chinese-made products. The US -China Business Council says the United States imported 365 billion dollars worth of products from China last year, more than tripled the amount ten years ago. China says the US is its top export market. And many shoppers here in Denver say they buy made-in-China goods almost every day.
While electrical equipment tops the list of imports from China, Americans flock to discount retailers like this to buy Chinese-made clothes, toys, footwear, and furniture. US International Trade Commission number showed the United States imported 29 billion dollars worth of apparel from China in 2010, and 16 billion dollars worth of footwear and accessories.
"But I think made-in-China … I think it's probably going to be an affordable product."
But a series of safety concerns in recent years surrounding a number of products fi.om China, including children's toys, has prompted some US consumers to look for alternatives close at home.
"If I could, I would buy everything made-in-America, and know that it was a high-quality product; I can trust it; I wasn't putting my family in any kind of danger."
But not all the US consumers are worded about the safety of products carrying the made-in- China label.
"Are those products made well? Yes, they are. The American corporations have the same standards when they have their products made in China as they do when they had their products made in the United States."
China has als0 become a major export of food to the United States. The US government says food imports from China more than tripled in value over the last decades. With so many goods for sale in the United States carrying the made-in-China label, most people we spoke to say they don't need to think twice about it. However, the vast majority say that they welcome the importation of Chinese goods as a way of keeping prices lower at American stores.
21. Most Americans buy products made or assembled in China regularly.
22. The imported products from China to the United States nearly doubled over the past ten years.
23. The United States imported 19 billion dollars worth of footwear and accessories from China in 2010.
24. American corporations have the same standards when they have their products made in China as they do when they had their products made in the US.
25. Most Americans welcome the goods carrying the made-in-China label because goods made in America are not affordable.
三、将下列中文词组译成英文
26．补偿贸易
27．生产力
28．对外直接投资
29．债务调整
30．证券市场
31．贸易盈余
32．市场力量
33．反补贴税
34．特许专营权
35．贴现率
四、将下列英语单词或词组译成中文
36. most-favored nation treatment
37. customs duties
38. Consortium
39. European Monetary System
40. government procurement
41. export-driven
42. nouveau fiche
43. intellectual property fight
44. dollar-denominated
45. primary commodity
五、简答题
Passage 1
The slowdown of the industrial countries in 1991 partly originated in structural problems inherited from the 1980s. Slower growth in Europe in 1991 revealed that unemployment, for instance, was still a structurally problematic area. The unemployment rate in the four largest European economies was 7.8 per cent in 1990, near the peak of the business cycle, and rose to 8.3 per cent in 1991. Financial stress brought on by excessive debt in the household and corporate sectors was an example of another kind of structural problem, in particular for the economies of Japan and the United States. Financial institutions in these two countries adopted more conservative lending policies, curtailing financing of higher-risk projects such as commercial construction and highly leveraged corporate transactions. A number of weaker institutions were also consolidated through bankruptcy, merger and reorganization. These developments played some part in the general tightening of credit during 1991, which may have helped to slow the pace of investment in the United States and Japan. Weak growth of credit and a fall in some asset prices probably slowed consumption, as well.
46. Did "a fall in some asset prices" have anything to do with "weak growth of credit"?
47. What does "consumption" refer to here? Is it consumption of the consumer goods or that of the capital goods?
48. How could "weak growth of credit and a fall in some asset prices" slow down consumption?
Passage 2
What the statistics do not reveal is how much is unofficially re-exported from the country. This is acknowledged by Dubai's customs department. "The re-export figures are indicative of markets rather than volumes," a spokesman says. "If you add up the import figures and work out that 85 per cent of it is supposed to stay in the country, then the UAE would be the best stocked warehouse in the world."
49. Do the UAE's statistics on trade show the volume of all its re-exports?
50. What is meant by "The re-export figures are indicative of markets rather than volumes"?
51. What does "stay" mean and imply in "... 85 percent of it is supposed to stay in the country
六、翻译题
52. The next challenge will be to assist trade in services, which is growing more quickly than trade in goods. A fresh round of services talks is due to start in 2000. The aim will be to strengthen last year's agreements on telecoms, financial services and IT, as well as completing an accord on accountancy services which is currently being negotiated. Rich countries want firm rules on government procurement, to replace the vague existing code. Some countries, but not America, axe also keen to tackle other subjects that eluded agreement in earlier talks, such as shipping. These will prove thorny, too, as any global talks will have to cope with bilateral agreements dating back decades.
2019年10月高等教育自学考试《外刊经贸知识选读》试题
课程代码：00096
一、单项选择题
1. In manufacturing, foreign-owned companies accounted for 36% of value added and 27% of employees.
A. obtained B. surpassed C. kept D. took
2. The strong increase in imports is attributed to buoyant economic activity.
A. slow B. vigorous C. flexible D. many
3. According to figures compiled by OECD, Greek workers work longer hours than any other Europeans.
A. gathered B. seen C. found D. experienced
4. Special economic zones in China had specially designed tax and other incentives for foreign investors.
A. tools B. methods C. stimuli D. ways
5. We offer our customers a comprehensive range of financial products.
A. narrow B. small C. understandable D. all-inclusive
6. Good education is the driving force of the dynamic economy and cutting-edge technology.
A. sluggish B. energetic C. free D. regulated
7. China's economy bounced back mightily, reaching a recent peak of 8% growth rate last year.
A. bottom B. mountain C. point D. top
8. Effective policies in Latin American helped to moderate inflation.
A. ease B. worsen C. lift D. defeat
9. This more aggressive policy could escalate into a full-fledged trade war.
A. go B. reudce C. grow D. slip
10. Like Japan in the 1960S, South Korea was poised for an assault on the world's export markets.
A. prepared B. anxious C. happy D. worried
11. The chairman of LG thought that their future lay in becoming a truly global company.
A. multinational B. local C. domestic D. foreign
12. Brazil has felt vulnerable to soaring oil prices and to supply disruptions.
A. strong B. immune C. indifferent D. susceptible
13. Crude oil prices fluctuated in nervous conditions throughout the week.
A. remained B. rose C. changed D. fell
14. This measure stopped the decline of British pound, and brought about a significant rally.
A. decline B. recovery C. depreciation D. surplus
15. That move gave the President room to suspend the law for at least another six months.
A. postpone B. effect C. pass D. ban
二、判断题
Passage 1
Beijing Rising
If there is a road to China's future, Highway 204 out of Shanghai is it. Along its two dustylanes, local tracks and buses jockey with Cadillacs driven by financiers from Taiwan and Hong Kong investors. Migrant workers crowd the narrow shoulders. Factories line the highway, producing sneakers, toys, plastics, clothes, aircraft components and medical equipment. Eventually industry gives way to ricefields, which is being dug up to build still more factories. Cranes turn overhead as dump trucks and cement mixers nose onto the road. Outside the town of Jiading, one tractor-trailer leaves Asia's largest container plant every three minutes, carrying goods bound for the Shanghai docks. The traffic on Highway 204 is so thick that the trip from Shanghai to Zhangjiagang—only 115 kilometers away--takes five hours.
Zhangjiagang is a commercial hub of Jiangsu, the fastest-growing province in China. China has the most dynamic economy in the world today. Its boom radiates from Guangdong, its richest province, but it has spread as far west as Xinjiang, where foreign investors are searching for oil and other natural resources. It is creeping inland, from Jiangsu to the cities of Chongqing and Wuhan, where businessmen from Hong Kong and Taiwan are starting to spend billions of dollars to build factories. And it has penetrated the northeast, where the city of Shenyang, long a moribund center of state industry, is bustling with new private business, from trading companies to prostitution. Back in Beijing, officials at China's state council, or cabinet, are giddy with excitement and exhaustion. "We don't have people, we don't have time," says one. "Things are moving too fast."
Former World Bank chief economist Larry Summers recently argued that China could surpass both Japan and the United States to become the world's largest economy by 2020.
A farfetched prediction? The new American administration doesn't think so. Bill Clinton has appointed China hands to top Asia posts at the State and Treasury departments. When critics called the appointments a slight to Japan, the leading Pacific economic power, U.S. Deputy Treasury Secretary Roger Altman explained the administration's reasoning: by early in the next century, he said, China may replace Japan in importance to the U.S. as an economic partner.
16. The traffic on Highway 204 is very slow according to the author.
17. The word "shoulders" in' "Migrant workers crowd the narrow shoulders" means "streets".
18. Though China's economic boom started in Guangdong Province, it has far-reaching influence on the other parts of the country.
19. The transition of China from an agricultural nation to an industrial country will be very slow.
20. The fact that President Clinton appointed China hands to top Asia posts at the State and Treasury departments reflects the important position China now occupies in the minds of the decision makers of the USA.
Passage 2
Building of Europe's Financial Firewall
Paris wanted a strong signal sent to the markets, a financial firewall of one trillion euros available to help struggling euro zone members. That was a little too rich for Berlin's taste, however, and the monetary bloc's finance ministers finally settled on a total of 800 billion.
"This amount is very important because when the International Monetary Fund and G20 discussed, their participation depended on what Europe would do. Europe has now clearly fixed this amount.
Out of that total, 300 billion had already been pledged to Greece, Portugal, and Ireland by combining both Europe's temporary rescue fund the EFSF and the new ESM, the European Stability Mechanism. The continent's new bailout(紧急救助)capacity now stands at 500 billion euros.
"Financial markets want to know if Europe is able to undertake structural reforms that could permanently ensure the stability of the currency and the investments. Here we are making great progress in the member states and the structure of the European currency. That's crucial."
The ESM will come online from the first of July and will work in tandem with (和......联合 ) the existing EFSF for one year.
21. The euro zone financial ministers agreed on a financial firewall of one trillion euros.
22. The first 300 billion euro loans had already been pledged to Greece, Portugal, and Ireland.
23. EFSF is equal to the Economic Stability Mechanism.
24. The European countries' new bailout capacity is much improved with the setting up of the financial wall.
25. Europe is expected to undertake some reforms that can permanently ensure the stability of euro.
三、将下列中文词组译成英文
26．国际收支
27．外汇储备
28．按人均计算的
29．国内需求
30．房地产市场
31．白皮书
32．贸易赤字
33．产地证明书
34．可兑换货币
35．服务部门
四、将下列英语单词译成中文
36. counter-trade
37. coastal cities
38. economic heavyweight
39. hard currency
40. free trade zone
41. trade sanctions
42. price-rigging
43. Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
44. client state
45. export quota system
五、简答题
Passage 1
China's cautious approach to foreign borrowing is to be maintained, at least for the time being. The debt problems confronting a number of developing countries have reinforced China's determination to introduce foreign technology by means of direct investment and concessionary finance rather than by raising substantial sums of money on the international capital markets. Foreign investment is advantageous insofar as it facilitates the transfer of technology and skills and avoids creating an overhang of debt. The authorities do not consider it appropriate to incur large amounts of external debt until a number of practical bottlenecks in the economy, such as an inadequate transport network and energy constraints, have been tackled. China's access to substantial sums of money from the World Bank also reduces the need to borrow on commercial terms.
46. Why did China refuse to borrow more until their transport capacity and energy supply have further increased?
47. What does "borrow on commercial terms" imply here?
48. Why does China prefer loans from the World Bank?
Passage 2
International conditions for growth in developing countries deteriorated in 1991. The seven major industrial countries ( the G-7 ) experienced a significant slowdown in GDP growth—from 2.8 per cent in 1990 to 1.9 per cent during 1991 as recession gripped Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States and growth rates slowed in continental Europe and Japan. In important respects, the slowdown was different from those that occurred during the 1970s and 1980s. Rather than reflecting the effect of disinflationary policies, weakness in demand was more closely related to the loss of momentum that had built up during the long period of expansion that began in 1983. In addition, a common factor underlying the slowdown in many industrial countries was the cyclical deceleration in investment spending.
49. What does the word "grip" imply in this sentence?
50. How did international conditions for growth in developing countries deteriorate in 1991 ?
51. What was a common factor underlying the slowdown in many industrial countries?
六、翻译题
52. Monetary Union, warns Malcolm Rifkind, the British foreign secretary, will be a radical and divisive departure from 40 years of common Policies. "Europe will be divided between those countries that are part of economic and monetary union, and those countries that are not," he said. "This is not what the founding fathers had in mind."
Hints of a potential rupture are already apparent in the strained relations between Germany and southern EU members. While many Germans fear the inclusion of the lira and the peseta will produce a weak euro, leaders of Italy, Spain and Portugal have stepped up their campaign to join monetary union at the outset.
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