英语书面表达组词成句的原则与训练(四)

四、简洁凝练

简洁凝练的语言能够较为清楚地表达思想，更加有力地突出重点。要避免内容罗嗦、结构松散可以从以下几个方面入手：

1、避免使用空洞、多余的词语

空洞的词语是给文章添加的累赘。写作中应掌握这样的原则：能用单个单词表达的尽量不用空洞的短语去表达。例：

冗长：At this point of time Allen has not yet reached a decision about whether he will offer her a job.

简练：At present Allen hasn’t decided whether he will offer her a job.

2、避免不必要的重复

重复使用某些词语有时可以构成平行的句子结构，或达到强调的目的，但是，无目的的重复则会导致冗长、笨拙的句子的产生。写作时，应根据表达需要，决定是否重复表达某些内容。例：

冗长：My hometown is a quiet, peaceful（安宁的）place. It is quiet and peaceful because of the small number of people living there.

简练：My hometown is a quiet, peaceful place because of the small number of people.

3、避免过多地使用并列句

过多地使用并列句指的是盲目地把几个并不同等重要的分句用并列连词连接在一起，结果使全句逻辑关系模糊，读来令人感到单调乏味。修改这样的句子，可根据各个分句间的逻辑关系，将一些次要分句改为从句、修饰语或同位语等。例：

冗长：We were driving out into the country, and we met our first English teacher riding in a bus, and the bus was crowded.

简练：As we were driving out into the country, we met our first English teacher riding in a crowded bus.

4、避免过多地使用从属句

英语中比较重要的从属概念可用从句的形式来表达，其他次要的概念则多用词或短语来表达，因为句子比短语显得更重要。过多地使用从句会把次要的与主要的概念混为一谈，从而削弱句子重点。纠正过多的从属结构，可以采用把从句改成修饰语、同位语或简单句等形式。例：

冗长：He is a man who is honest and who never tells lies.

简练：He is an honest man, who never tells lies.

5、避免过多使用碎句

碎句就是短句。书面表达中过多使用碎句，会破坏信息的连贯性，使表达的内容显得罗嗦、拖沓。通常通过使用同位结构、非谓语动词、介词短语、独立主格结构、复合句等形式可将碎句巧妙地合并在一起。例：

碎句：It is a beautiful day, and the sun is shining and a breeze（微风）is blowing.

精练：It is a beautiful day with the sun shining and a breeze blowing.

碎句：Carl went to the airport. He wanted to see Mrs Black off.

精练：Carl went to the airport to see Mrs Black off.

练习：在不改变句意的情况下，改写下列句子，使其更加简洁凝练。

1. There are over fifty students in this school who are going to take part in the sports meet which is planned for next Sunday.

2. Because of the fact that I had a lot of work to do, it wasn’t possible for me to accept their invitation.

3. The problem of pollution is serious in our city, but if we try our best to stop the pollution, the pollution will stop.

4. He told us a story; the story was very interesting.

5. Eugene O’Neill, was an American writer, and he had an unhappy childhood, and he told the story of his childhood in a play named A Long Days’s Journey Into Night and he said it was written in tears and blood.

参考答案：

1. Over fifty students in this school are going to take part in the sports meet next Sunday.

2. I was too busy to accept their invitation.

3. The problem of pollution is serious in our city, but if we try our best ,the pollution will stop.

4. He told us a very interesting story.

5. Eugene O’Neill, an American writer, told the story of his unhappy childhood in a play named A Long Day’s Journey Into Night, which he said was written in tears and blood.

 

高中英语书面表达中组词成句的原则与训练(五)

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五、语言生动

文章要吸引读者注意，激发读者兴趣，语言就需生动，充满活力。若想使句子形式多样、语言生动、内容丰富，就必须通过以下方式对句子加以变化，而不是一成不变地使用“主——谓——宾”或“主——系——表”的句式来表达一切内容。

1、变化词语表达方式。例：

We are preparing for the coming exam. →

We are getting ready for the coming exam.

2．变化句型。例：

I’m sorry not to have answered your letter earlier. →

I’m sorry that I have not answered your letter earlier.

3．变化语序。例：

正装语序：The thief went away into the forest.

倒装语序：Away went the thief into the forest.

4．变化语态。例：

主动语态：We happened to meet him in the bookstore.

被动语态：He happened to be met by us in the bookstore.

5．变化句子开头。例：

主语开头：The radio weather report is very important in the farmer’s life.

表语开头：Very important in the farmer’s life is the radio weather report.

主语开头：They finished what they were asked to do in ten days in two.

宾语从句开头：What they were asked to do in ten days, they finished in two.

6．变化主体和客体。例：

I spent two yuan on the beancurd.(主体是I).

The beancurd cost me two yuan.(主体是the beancurd)

7．变化正面叙述和反面叙述。例：

正面叙述：He likes money best.

反面叙述：He likes nothing better than money.

练习:按括号内的要求改写下列句子：

1.You may look after her by turns.(用take turns改写句子)

2.He is never unfriendly to us.(用肯定式表达)

3.Her father walked home angry.(用形容词开头)

4.Paper can be made from wood.(将主体改为wood)

5.I could hardly recognize(认出) him at first.(改为倒装语序)

参考答案：

1.You may take turns to look after her.

2.He is always friendly to us.

3.Angry, her father walked home.

4.Wood can be made into paper.

5.Hardly could I recognize him at once.