普鲁士君主列表
选自中文及英文维基百科
普鲁士公国 Dukes of Prussia, 1525-1701
Hohenzollern Dukes of Prussia
ImageNameReignComments
阿尔伯特一世
Albert I1525-1568Grandson of Albert III Achilles, Elector of Brandenburg of the House of Hohenzollern. Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights. Having become a Lutheran, received from the King of Poland the secular title of "Duke of Prussia".
阿尔伯特二世·腓特烈
Albert II Frederick1568-1618Son of Albert I. Albert Frederick was considered mentally unfit since 1577 - and with King Sigismund II Augustus having enfeoffed the Brandenburgian Hohenzollern to inherit Ducal Prussia in 1569 - thus power was first exercised by George Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach, then by Joachim Frederick, Elector of Brandenburg (1605–1608), and thereafter by John Sigismund, Elector of Brandenburg.
Following the death of Albert Frederick in 1618, the rule of the Duchy of Prussia passed to his son-in-law and distant cousin the Elector John Sigismund, who belonged to the senior branch of the Hohenzollern dynasty that ruled the Margraviate of Brandenburg. Though Margraviate and Duchy remained legally distinct, the combined lands are sometimes known as Brandenburg-Prussia.
约翰·西吉斯蒙德
John Sigismund1618-1619Elector of Brandenburg from 1608. Married Anna, Duchess of Prussia, daughter of Albert Frederick.
乔治·威廉
George William1619-1640Son of John Sigismund and Anna.
腓特烈·威廉
Frederick William1640-1688Son of George William. In 1657, Frederick William obtained from the King of Poland recognition of his complete sovereignty over the Duchy of Prussia, which thereby became an independent state, though Poland retained the right of reversion should the Hohenzollern dynasty die out. The relative rights of the Duke of Prussia and the King of Poland were established in a series of treaties that were renewed on each change of ruler, down to 1698 (accession of Augustus II of Poland).
腓特烈一世
Frederick1688-1701Son of Frederick William. In 1701 he was crowned "King in Prussia", marking the complete independence of Prussia from all Polish ties, but limiting his sovereignty to the former territory of Ducal Prussia.
普鲁士王国 Kings of Prussia 1701-1918
普鲁士国王 Kings of Germany
Hohenzollern Kings in and of Prussia
ImageNameReignComments
腓特烈一世
Frederick I1701–1713Separated Prussia from Poland completely and assumed sovereign status as "King in Prussia" in 1701.
腓特烈·威廉一世
Frederick William I1713–1740Son of Frederick I. Known as "the soldier king" (German: Der Soldatenkonig). Reformed the army and limited the state expenditure not related to the armed forces.
腓特烈二世
Frederick II1740–1786Consequent on his annexation of Royal Prussia in the 1772 partition of Poland, Frederick the Great changed his title to "King of Prussia" rather than "King in Prussia".
腓特烈·威廉二世
Frederick William II1786–1797Nephew of Frederick II. Augmented Prussian territory by further annexations of Polish lands.
腓特烈·威廉三世
Frederick William III1797–1840Son of Frederick William II. With the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, he lost the title of Elector of Brandenburg, but was able to incorporate his territories in Brandenburg into the Kingdom of Prussia. Despite losses in the Napoleonic wars, at the Congress of Vienna Prussia's territory in Germany was greatly increased, making it the dominant power of northern Germany.
腓特烈·威廉四世
Frederick William IV1840–1861Son of Frederick William III. During the revolutions of 1848-9, he was given the chance to become Emperor of the Germans, but turned down the offer.
威廉一世
Wilhelm I1861–1888Brother of preceding. Prussia annexed further territories as a result of the Second War of Schleswig in 1864 and the Austro-Prussian War of 1866, and became the dominant power in the North German Confederation. Following victory in the Franco-Prussian War, William I was proclaimed German Emperor in 1871, while retaining the title and powers of King of Prussia.
腓特烈三世
Frederick III1888Son of preceding, Also German Emperor. Died after only 99 days from throat cancer. Hence the year 1888 is also known as Year of Three Emperors.
威廉二世
Wilhelm II1888–1918Son of preceding. The defeat of Germany in the First World War (1914) led William's abdication and exile and the fall of the House of Hohenzollern from power.
后君主制 Post-monarchy
Although the German Empire no longer existed as a monarchy, its constituent states continued to exist as republics within the Weimar Republic. The Prussia was known as the Free State of Prussia.
普鲁士自由邦总理 Prime Ministers of the Free State of Prussia, 1918-1945
保罗·希尔施 Paul Hirsch (SPD) 1918-1920 奥托·布劳恩 Otto Braun (SPD) 1920-1921 阿当·施特格瓦尔德 Adam Stegerwald (Centre) 1921 奥托·布劳恩 Otto Braun (SPD) 1921-1925 威廉·马克思 Wilhelm Marx (Centre) 1925 奥托·布劳恩 Otto Braun (SPD) 1925-1932
In 1932, the German Chancellor, Franz von Papen, overthrew the Prussian government in the Preussenschlag. Subsequently, Prussia was governed by a Reichskommissar:
弗朗茨·冯·帕彭 Franz von Papen (no party) 1932 (German Chancellor and Reichskommissar) 库尔特·冯·施莱谢尔 Kurt von Schleicher (no party) 1932-1933 (German Chancellor and Reichskommissar) 弗朗茨·冯·帕彭 Franz von Papen (no party) 1933 (German Vice-Chancellor and Reichskommissar)
After the seizure of power by the Nazis, a new Prime Minister was elected. However, this was largely a ceremonial role as the German states lost their power and became mere administrative units.
赫尔曼·戈林 Hermann Goring (NSDAP) 1933-1945
After the defeat of Nazi Germany in 1945, Prussia's provinces (sometimes in combination with non-Prussian territory) were reorganized into Lander. The state of Prussia was officially disbanded in 1947. The original Prussia was divided between Poland and the Soviet Union.
普鲁士王位继承人 Pretenders to the Prussian throne
Hohenzollern Pretenders to the Prussian and German throne
ImageNameReignComments
威廉二世
Wilhelm II1918-1941lived in Dutch exile until his death
威廉王储
Crown Prince William1941-1951-
路易·斐迪南王子
Prince Louis Ferdinand1951-1994-
格奥尔格·弗里德里希王子
Prince George Fredericksince 1994-
扩展阅读：
http://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/普鲁士国王列表http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_of_Prussia
