情态动词讲解及练习(Modal Verbs)
* 情态动词和其他动词连用,可表示说话人的语气。
* 情态动词可表达建议、要求、可能和意愿等。
* 情态动词没有人称和数的变化。
* 常用的情态动词有:
can, could, may, might, shall, should,
will, would, must,这九大情态动词;
其他的还有ought to, need, dare 等。
一、九大情态动词的时态关系:
1. 现在式 can -- 过去式 could
2. 现在式 may -- 过去式 might
3. 现在式 shall -- 过去式 should
4. 现在式 will -- 过去式 would
5. 现在式 must -- 过去式 must (常用had to来代替)
二、情态动词表示“可能”或“预测”
(can, could, will, would, shall, should, must, ought to)
(1)can 和 could 用于表示“可能”或“预测”:
1. He can't be at home. 他不可能在家。(否定句)
3. Anybody can make mistake. 任何人都可能犯错误。(只表示理论上的可能性)
(2)may 和 might 用于表示“事实上的可能性”或“预测”:
1. It may rain tomorrow. (表示可能会发生)
2. It may snow later this afternoon. (表示预测)
3. You might be right. (表示有可能)
(3)will 和 would 用于表示“预测”或“习惯性”:
(4)shall 和 should 用于表示“必定”:
1. I shall be rich one day. (shall be ) 总有一天我会发达的。
2. That should be Sam and his mother. (should be)那准是Sam和他的母亲。
(5)must 用于表示“必定”,“必会”:
1. This must be good for you.(must be 肯定)
2. All mankind must die.(表示必然会发生的事)
3. Mustn't there be a mistake? (mustn't 多用于疑问句)
三、情态动词表示“许可”、“请求”
(can, could, will, would, shall, should, may, might, must)
(1)can 和 could 用于表示“许可”、“请求”:
1. Can I go with you? (请求)我能跟你一起走吗?
2. Father said I could go to cinema. (表示过去的许可) 爸爸说我可以去看电影。
3. Could I ask you something? (请求,用 could 比 can 更婉转)我可以问你一件事吗?
(2)will 和 would 用于表示“请求”
1. Will you kindly tell me the way to the post office? 请问到邮局怎么走?(表示客气请求)
2. Would you give me your address? 请你告诉我你的地址,好吗?(用would比will表示更客气)
(3)shall 和 should 用于第一人称,表示征求对方的意见
1. Shall we talk?
2. What should we do next? (用should 比 shall 表示更客气)
3. Shall he come to see you? (用于第三人称疑问句)
(4)may 和 might 用于表示“许可”(口语中多用can)
1. You may take a walk. (表示给予许可) 你可以散散步。
2. You might read the story for me. (比may更婉转) 是否请给我读一读这故事。
3. May I make a suggestion?
4. Might I take a look of your work?
5. Students may not make noise in the library. (may not 表示不许可或禁止)
学生不得在图书馆里吵闹。
6. If I may say so, you are not right. (用于条件句,表示请求)
你是不对的,如果我可以这么说的话。
(5)must 用于表示“禁止”,“不准”:
1. Cars must not be parked here. (must not表示不许可)
2. All of you mustn't fishing in the pool. (must not 语气方面比 may not 更强)
你们不准在池里钓鱼。
四、情态动词表示“应该”、“必须”
(shall, should, may, might, must, ought to)
(1)shall 和 should 用于表示“必须”:
①. Each member shall wear a name card. (表示规定)
②. I should answer his letter as soon as possible. (表示应该)我应该尽快给他回信。
③. You shouldn't judge a man always by the clothes. (shouldn't “不应该”含有劝告的意思)
你不应该总是以貌取人。
④. The rules shall take effect on Jan. 1st. (shall 用于规章等,表示义务和规定)
新规则于一月一日起生效。
(2)may 和 might 用于表示“应该"(多用于法律等条文,一般上多用 shall):
①. Payment may be paid by check.(表示规定)
②. You might ask before you use my computer. (might表示应该)
你应该先问过再使用我的电脑。
(3)must 用于表示“必须”、“务必”:
①. You must keep the place clean. (务必)
②. We must obey orders. (表示有义务)
③. Must I pay now? (用于疑问句) (如回答不必时,需用 needn't 或 don't have to)
我现在就得付款吗?
五、情态动词表示“意图”、“打算”
(will, would, shall, should)
(1)will 和 would 用于表示某种意图:
①. I'll call you as soon as possible. (will 主要用于第一人称)我会尽快打电话给你。
②. Will you accept this invitation? (用would 则表示更客气)你愿意接受这邀请吗?
③. Who will do the job? (用于条件句,可用于各种人称)
④. We won't (will not) stay here too long. (will not 表示不愿)我们不愿呆在这里太久。
(2)shall 和 should 用于表示说话人的意图:
①. We shan't (shall not) go if it rains. (shall not 也可用 will not)
如果下雨,我们就不打算走了。
②. I shan't go with you. (shall 只用在第一人称)我不打算和你一同走。
六、情态动词表示“意愿”
(will, would, shall, should)
(1)will 和 would:
①. She will do it if you ask her.(表示主语的意愿)
②. Would you have another cup of tea? (用 would 比 will 客气)你想再来一杯茶吗?
③. Will you have some cookies? (will用于疑问句,表示问人是否愿意)你想吃些烤饼吗?
④. If he will, he can do it. (will 用于条件句,用于第二、三人称)如果他愿意,他会做的。
⑤. Would you excuse me? (would 表示婉转语气)
(2)shall 和 should:
②. You should sit here as long as you like.
③. Shall you go to school with me? (疑问句中,表示问对方的意愿)
你愿意和我一起到学校去吗?
一、考查can的用法
在这一用法中,can表示能力,意思是"能,会",其否定式can't表示"不能"。在过去时中用could和couldn't。例如:
1. --- Where's Mr. Lee? I have something unusual to tell him.
2. --- Finish drawing a horse in ten minutes. OK?
3. I have my own room in my house, so I________do what I want in it.
4.________you mend my car? I______not start it.
5.________she ride when she was three years old?
6. The boy________answer this kind of hard questions one year ago.
在这一用法中,can意为"可能",表示客观可能性,常常用于疑问句和否定句中。例如:
7. --- Who is the man over there? Is it Mr. Li?
8. --- Listen! Someone is singing in the next room. Who________it be? Is it Wei Fang?
9. --- Is Mr. Hu in the reading room?
10. Class 3 won the football match! ________it be true?
11. --- Could I look at your pictures?
12.________you pass me a pen? I'd like to write down the telephone number.
二、考查must的用法
13. --- May I go to the cinema, Mum?
14. --- SARS is such a terrible disease.
15. To make our city more beautiful, rubbish________into the river.
16. These books________out of the reading room. You have to read them here. (辽宁)
17. Cars, buses and bikes________stop when traffic lights change to red. (上海市)
18. --- Can you go swimming with us this afternoon?
19. --- Must I finish the work before five o'clock?
20. --- ________I come back before five o'clock?
21. --- Must I clean the room right now?
22. Susan's parents have bought a large house with a swimming pool. It ____be very expensive.
23. This book______ __ Lucy's. Look! Her name is on the book cover.
三、考查may的用法
25. --- ________I have your name, please?
26. --- May I go to the cinema, dad?
27. --- May I smoke here?
28. You________go and ask Meimei. She________know the answer.
29. Look out! The knife is very sharp. You________cut your finger.
情态动词使用“七注意”
一、表示“不能”的can't 与mustn't的区别。
can't表示“不能”时,意指没有能力;
mustn't表示“不能”时,意指禁止或不允许。试比较:
The old man is so tired that he __________ go any farther.
The baby is asleep. You __________ make any noise.
二、表示“必须”的must和have to的区别。
must表示说话人的主观看法;
而have to则表示客观需要。试比较:
You __________ finish the work today.
三、回答must引导的一般疑问句时。
如果是否定回答,一般不用mustn't,而要用needn't或 don't have to。如:
—Must we hand in our exercise books today?
—No, you __________. / No, you ______________.
四、回答表示请求的may引导的一般疑问句时。
不可用may not,而要用mustn't,也可用can't。如:
—May I use your ruler?
—No, you __________. / No, you __________.
五、作为情态动词,need一般不用于肯定句中,仅用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中。
在肯定句中,它用作实义动词,有时态、人称和数的变化,后面接带to的动词不定式或名词、代词作其宾语。如:
① You __________(没必要)come so early.
② He __________(需要)finish it this evening.
③ —Need I finish the work today?
—Yes, you __________.
六、在回答could引导的表示请求的一般疑问句时。
不能用could回答,而要用can。如:
—Could you tell me how to get to the hospital?
—Of course, I __________.
七、“May you + 动词原形 ...”,意为“祝愿……”。如:
May you succeed! 祝你成功!
May you be happy every day! 祝你天天快乐!
情态动词can和may的用法对比
can 和 may 都是情态动词。情态动词本身有一定的意义,可以表示说话人的语气和态度或说话人对某种动作或状态的看法。情态动词在句中不能单独作谓语,后接动词原形,同时它也没有人称和数的变化。表示疑问时,只需把情态动词置于句首;表示否定时,在情态动词的后面直接加 not .
一、情态动词 can 的用法
1. 表示能力,意为“能、会”。 如:
—— Can you swim? 你会游泳吗?
—— Yes,I can. 是的,我会。
—— Can you play the guitar? 你会弹吉它吗?
—— No,I can’t. 不,我不会。
2. 表示请求或允许,多用于口语中,意为“可以、能”等。 如:
Can I help you? 我可以帮忙吗?
You can go home now. 现在你可以回家了。
3. 用于否定句、疑问句中,表示猜测、怀疑或不肯定。 如:
—— Where can it be? 它可能会在哪儿?
—— It may be in your pencil-box. 也许在你的文具盒里。
二、情态动词 may 的用法
1. 表示“许可、准许、请求许可”,此时与 can 同义,可以互换使用。 如:
You may / can go to the cinema this evening. 你今晚可以去看电影。
注意: 许可对方时,其答语可以用 Yes,you may. 但由于用 may 作肯定回答,语气显得生硬、严肃,因而一般常用 Yes, please. / Certainly. / Of course. 等。这些肯定答语显得热情、客气。如:
—— May I use your ruler? 我可以用一下你的尺子吗?
—— Certainly. Here you are. 当然可以。给你。
拒绝对方时,其答语可以用 No,you mustn’t. / No,you can’t. 或 Sorry,you can’t. / No,please don’t. 等说法。如:
—— May I watch TV now? 现在我可以看电视吗?
—— No,you mustn’t. 不,不可以。
2. 表示可能性,意思为“可能、也许”,常用在肯定句中。 如:
He may know you. 他可能认识你。
The may go to the Great Wall next week. 他们可能下周去长城。
注意: 在否定句中一般不用 may not ,常用 can’t 表示“不可能”。例如:
He can’t be at home tonight. 今晚他不可能在家。
3. 用于特殊疑问句中,表示不确定,常可译为“会”。 如:
Who may call me at night? 谁会在晚上给我打电话呢?
4. 表示希望、祈求、祝愿,常可译为“祝愿”。 如:
May you have a good time. 祝你过得愉快。
May you be happy! 祝你幸福!
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