芬兰（五）芬兰堡

        从南码头坐船，直奔赫尔辛基南面的海上长城芬兰堡，看看这座把岛屿连成一气的海上要塞。回首望去，赫尔辛基的白教堂，红教堂一气进入眼帘，还有南码头那些古老美丽的建筑。其实，这些都是因为有了这个芬兰堡啊。

        十八世纪，芬兰还是瑞典的领地，瑞俄战争，彼得大帝取得了北面的出海口彼得堡。瑞典为了防御俄国的进攻，在赫尔辛基南面的六个小岛上建筑起永久工事。这个要塞是瑞典的炮兵军官奥科斯丁设计，1748年动工，历时24年建成。诸岛用桥梁链接，并筑起了7.5公里的花岗岩城墙。要塞还建有城堡，装甲室，当时配置了1300门大炮，可谓固若金汤。1808年，俄国出兵芬兰，围困芬兰堡五个月，守卫芬兰堡的7000多名瑞典士兵在指挥官卡尔·奥罗夫·克郎施泰特的带领下向俄国缴械投降。从此芬兰堡俄国人向西防御的工事。1809年，芬兰变成了俄国的大公国。此后俄国统治的一百多年，俄国人在这里修建兵营，医院，教堂。还把芬兰的首都也迁到了赫尔辛基。使赫尔辛基从一个渔村变成了逐步繁荣的城市。

        芬兰堡经过战争是在1853年的克里米亚战争的时候，英法的联合舰队开到波罗的海，重炮轰击了这座要塞。

        在1973年以前，芬兰堡一直是军事重地。以后变成了芬兰的游览胜地，在1991年，芬兰堡被联合科教文组织列为世界遗产保护区。250年前瑞典人在岛上建设的炮台，城堡，军营到现在都完好地保存了下来。 岛上还有数十座博物馆可供参观，说是还有洋娃娃和玩具博物馆，没听导游说起。

       我们到这里永远是走马观花的，人家芬兰人在这里的教堂举办婚礼，朋友家人在这里或沐浴阳光，或海中游泳，其乐融融是我们没法相比的啊。                                                                                                             -

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24    19世纪驻防该岛的瑞典司令官艾伦史瓦德的墓碑                                                                                       -

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27    芬兰堡教堂                                                                                                                                               -

28    教堂边上用炮筒筑起的围栏                                                                                                                    -

29    婚礼迎宾                                                                                                                                                                -

30    小客人                                                                                                                                                                  -

31    幸福新娘                                                                                                                                                                -

32    新郎来了                                                                                                                                                       -

33   闺密                                                                                                                                                      -

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