2015东欧旅游庆典之旅（十二）波兰 克拉科夫老城 再到雅盖隆大学

        偶们到老城的最后一站是国立克拉科夫雅盖隆大学，这是波兰最老的大学，建立于1363年。说是哥白尼就在这里念过书。现在这所大学又五十六个教学研究领域，十三个学院。哲学、语言、文学、历史、教育、宗教、人文、法律、商贸、金融、物理、数学、物理、计算机、生物、生化、微生物、动物、免疫、地质、空间科学等等学系。在欧洲排名第六。这所大学在二战时也损失惨重，学校中所有的老师均被纳粹德国杀害。

        克拉科夫是欧洲大陆历史上对犹太人开放最早、开放度最大的地区之一。早在十五世纪，波兰的卡西米尔大帝就沼渝，准许犹太人在克拉科夫经商。此后犹太人的天才为克拉科夫的经济做出了很大的努力。到二战前，克拉科夫二十五万人口中就有犹太人六万。

        1939年9月，德军占领克拉科夫，立刻开始大规模迫害城内的犹太人。他们把犹太人从克拉科夫赶出去，建立新的隔离区，同时剥夺了犹太人的财产。德军还在隔离区建立工厂，使用廉价的劳动力。到1943年，隔离区关闭，前后有五万五千的犹太人被送往集中营，战后生还的寥寥无几。

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38   纺织会馆现在的商场                                                                                                                                      -

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