考点大作战之重点词汇辨析(十一)
101. continue, last
二者均为持续,continue 主动,被动均可,last 只能用主动
The war continued/lasted five years. The story is to be continued.
都含“继续”、“延续”的意思。
1、continue指“持续而无终止”, 通常强调“不间断”, 如:continue one's work 继续工作。
2、last指“持久”、“延续”, 如:The rain will not last long. 这雨不会持续很久。
102. feed, raise
feed 喂养,养活,饲养 (to give food to),raise 饲养,养育 (cause to grow, bring up children)
raise the family
feed通常用人作主语,Sb feed(s)sth.(animals or sb.),Sth(animal) feed on sth.如:
We feed the horses with grass.(The horses are fed on grass)
The horses feed on grass.
raise 常作及物动词,We raise some horses.
103. go for a doctor, go to a doctor
go for a doctor 去请医生,go to a doctor 去看病
104. notice, observe, catch sight of
notice 注意到,observe 观察,仔细地看,catch sight of 突然看到 observe the stars
105. insist on, stick to
insist on 坚持要求,后常接 doing, stick to 坚持, 后常接 sth., stick to the plan
1. insist on 意思是 “demand or maintain persistently”,“坚决要求”,“坚持认为”。是对要求、看法、意见或主张的“坚持”。“on”是介词,后面接名词也可接动名词作宾语。如:
She insisted on her opinion at the meeting.
她在会上坚持自己的意见。
She insisted on going with us.
她坚持要和我们一起去。
2. insist 接 that 从句,有两种情况:
(1) 表示“坚决认为(主张)”,从句用直陈语气。如:
Thought all his friends criticized him, he insisted he had done nothing wrong.
尽管所有的朋友都指责他,但他坚持认为自己没有做错事。
(2) 表示“坚决要、坚决要求”,这时从句谓语常用虚拟语气。如:
He insists that she (shall) go.
他坚决要她去。
He insisted that she (should) go.
他坚决要她去。
3. “stick to”的意思是 “persist in, not abandon”, 是对“愿望、原则、决定、诺言、意见、理想或某种理论”的坚持不渝。 “to”是介词,接名词或动名词作宾语,不能接不定式。如:
We should stick to the study of Marxism-Leninism.
我们应当坚持研究马列主义。
We stick to the point that theory comes from practice.
我们应当坚持理论来源于实践的观点。
106. look, seem, appear
look 指从外表上看,seem 指内心的判断,appear 指给人以表面的印象 appear wise,
look like his father
seem,appear和look的用法比较重要,同时又难以区分,请仔细比较和区分
一、使用seem和appear的句型:
1.It seems /appears(to sb.)+ that-clause
It seems /appears to me that they are right.我觉得他们似乎是正确的。
It seemed /appeared that he enjoyed the food very much.看来他好像很喜欢吃这种食品。
2.Sb./Sth.seems /appears +to do
He seems /appears to be a musician.他似乎是一个音乐家。
She seemed /appeared to have caught a cold.她好像感冒了。
(上述两种句型含义基本一样,都可作“看来/似乎是……”,二者可相互转换)
He seems /appears to have known about the secret.(=It seems /appears that he has known about the secret.)他似乎已知道这个秘密。
3?There seems /appears to be
There seems to be no difficulties to be discussed.看来没有什么难题要讨论。
There appears to have been a mistake.好像有错误。
二、使用look和seem的句型:
1.It looks /seems as if…表示“看起来……;似乎……”。使用该句型应注意的是:若从句表示的是很可能实现的事情,从句谓语用陈述语气;若从句表示的是与事实相反的假设或实现的可能性很小的事情时,则从句谓语要用虚拟语气。
It seems as if he has been at the scene of the crime似乎他好像在犯罪现场。
When a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it looks as if it were broken.如果把一枝铅笔的一部分放入水杯中,它看上去似乎是断了。
2.Sb./Sth.looks /seems like
The building looks like a school.这建筑物看起来像所学校。
It seems like years since I last saw you.自从我上次见到你好像有几年了。
三、seem,appear和look的区别
seem,appear和look虽都有“看起来像”的意思,但三者仍有差别。 seem常含有基本接近事实的意义;appear多指从外表判断,一般与事实不符;look则着重指从外表而得到的印象,所得出的判断有可能与事实相符,也有可能与事实不符。
107. gather, collect
gather 把分散的东西集中到一起,collect 指精心地、有选择地进行收集 collect stamps
(1)collect,gather,assemble是词义很近的同义词,它们的一般含义是“收集”或“使…集中到一起”。
(2)collect 通常表示有目的或有挑选的收集,而gather 一般表示由少积多的收集。
He knew I collected birds' eggs…
他知道我收集各种鸟蛋……
He collected a lot of valuable stamps.
他收集了许多有价值的邮票。
He was a collector.
他做过收租人。
The teacher collected all the pupils in front of the classroom buildings.
老师把小学生招集在教学楼前。
The pirates would often bury gold in the cave and then failed to collect it.
海盗常把金子埋藏在山洞里,而后来又没能取走。
(3)此外,gather的用法较广泛,能组成不少的习语。如:be gathered to one's fathers(死亡),gather the brows (眉),gather oneself together(振奋精神)。collect 和gather 有时虽然可以换用(如:He collected his belongings and went away. 此句中的 collected 便可换以gathered, 句子的意思并不改变。)但是collect one's thoughts 与gather one's thoughts 之间便有明显的含义差别,前者的意思是把自己的思想有条理地组织起来,后者的意思是把分散了的思想集中起来。collect money 表示为某目的而收款或募款,而gather money 则表示积钱。
A large crowed gathered under the Town Hall clock.
一大群人聚集在市政厅的大钟下。
The whole village has been working day and night gathering and threshing this year's crop before the September rains.
全村日夜辛苦地干着,要在9月的雨季之前收割并打完今年的庄稼。
The country girl gathered some firewood.
那个农家姑娘拾了些柴火。
(4)assemble 强调把数个个体紧密地联合在一起,或者表示这种联合是自觉的而且有一定的目的的。
The students assemble for class at 8 o'clock in the morning.
学生早上八时聚集在一起上课。
It was here the scattered forces of the revolution assembled in the autumn of 1928.
就是在这里,分散了的革命武装力量于1928年秋季聚集起来了。
The workers who assemble cars work very skilfully.
装配汽车的工人们干得很熟练。
108. mean to do, mean doing
mean to do 打算,想要做某事,mean doing 意思是,意味着
I meant to give you this book today, but I forgot.
我本来打算今天给你这本书的,可是我忘了。
Missing this train means waiting for another hour.
错过这辆火车意味着你得再等一小时。
109. die from, die of
die from 表示死于(枪)伤,虚弱,过度劳累,饮食过度等,die of 表示死于疾病,饥饿,
寒冷,年老,忧愁,失恋等精神因素 die of hunger and cold
表示死的原因,die 后既可接介词 of,也可接 from, 两者的区别是:
一、若死因存在于人体之上或之内(主要指疾病、衰老等自身的原因),一般用介词 of。如:die of illness (heart trouble, cancer, a fever, etc) 死于疾病 (心脏病,癌症,发烧等)
二、若死因不是存在人体之内或之上,而是由环境造成的(主要指事故等方面的外部原因),一般用介词 from 。 如: die from an earthquake (a traffic accident, a lightning, a stroke, etc) 死于地震(交通事故,雷击等)
三、若死因是环境影响到体内,即两方面共有的原因,则可用 of, from 均可。如:die of [from] a drink ( a wound, overwork, starvation, hunger and cold, etc) 死于饮酒(受伤,劳累过度,饥饿,饥寒等)
但是在实际运用中,两者混用的情况较多。
die of-----内部原因(情感,冻饿,生病等),后常加下列名词; hunger,cold ,poison,old age thirst, disappointment,a fever ……
die from -----外部',常加下列名词; a wound ,an accident,over work ,careless,drinking,some unknown cause
我自已发明的区分它们的最好办法就是
如果是能立刻死的就是die from ~
如果死还有一个过程性的就是die of~了,挺受用的~
110. pay for, pay back, pay off
pay for 为…付钱,pay back 还钱,但不一定还清,pay off 还清 pay for the book, pay off the debt
pay back,pay for,pay off
1.pay back意为“归还,偿还”,其宾语通常为所借之物;也可作“报复”解,常用pay sb.back(for…)的形式。
This was paid back in the following year.
这在第二年就全部偿还了。
To pay a person back in his own coin.
以其人之道,还治其人之身。
I"ll pay him back for what he did to me.
我要向他报复。
2.pay for意为“支付……的费用”,for为介词。其常用句型是:pay for sth,pay sb. for sth,pay(sb.)some money for sth.或pay some money to sb for sth.
You must pay for what you eat and drink.
你必须付你吃喝的费用。
Have you paid for the shoes?
那双鞋你付钱了吗?
You must pay me for the clothes.
这些衣服你必须给我付钱。
I paid six yuan for the milk.
我付了六元的牛奶费。
All these things are to be paid for.
所有这一些都会得到报应的。
3.pay off意思是“全部还清”。
Soon they paid off the debts.
不久他们就把债务全部还清了。
He hoped he would have an opportunity to pay them off.
他希望有机会把它们偿还掉
用pay back,pay for,pay off填空:
The lady _____ the lazy servant _____ at last.
Has the book been _____?
We are _______ the fine summer with a wet winter.
Have I _____ you _____ the money you lent me?
It is a good feeling to _____ the debt after all these years.
You’ll _____ what you are doing if you don’t stop.
I’ll _____ him _____ for what he did to me.
答案:1. paid off 2. paid for 3. paying for 4.paid back
5. pay off 6. pay for 7. pay back
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