考点大作战之重点词汇辨析(十二)
111. divide, separate
divide 把一个整体分成几部分,separate 把连在一起的个体分开
divide the apple, separate the houses
两者均可表示“分开”:divide 通常指把整体分为若干部分,其后常接介词 into;而 separate 通常指把原来连在一起或靠近的东西分隔开来,其后常接介词 from。如:
The world is divided into seven continents. 世界被分成七大洲。
Divide the money among the six of you. 这笔钱你们六个人分。
The food was divided amongst the poor. 食物都分给了穷人。
The children divided the money among (between) them. 孩子们在他们之间把钱分了。
The money was divided into two halves. 钱被分成了两半。
United we stand, divided we fall. 团结则存,分裂则亡。
Countable nouns may be sub-divided into two categories? 可数名词又可分为两类。
We’d better separate the good ones from the bad ones. 我们最好把好的和坏的分开。
She doesn’t want to be separated from him. 她不想和他分开。
The couple separated because they were not compatible. 这对夫妻因不合而分居。
The two parts of the pipe have separated at the joint. 这个管子从接口处分成两截了。
The branch has separated from the trunk of the tree. 这个树枝已从树干上脱落了。
This patient should be separated from the others. 这个病人应该隔离。
注:以上区分并不十分严格,有时两者可换用。如:
The field is divided [separated] into five parts. 这块田被分为 5 块。
The Red Sea separates [divides] Africa from Asia. 红海把非洲和亚洲分开。
112. arrive, get, reach
arrive 不及物动词,后接 in (大地点),at(小地点),get 不及物动词后接 to,reach 及物动词
arrive in Beijing, get to Beijing, reach Beijing
三者均可表示“到达”,区别如下:
■arrive 和 get 都是不及物动词,前者较正式,后者则较口语化。两者之后均不可接宾语,但可接 here, there, home 之类的表地点的副词作状语。如:
What time does the train arrive? 火车什么时候到?
We got [arrived] here last night. 我们昨晚到这儿。
要表示“到达某地”,需借助适当介词:
1. arrive 之后通常接介词 at (一般用于较小的地方)或 in (一般用于较大的地方)。如:
We arrived at the station five minutes late. 我们到车站晚了 5 分钟。
They will arrive in Paris next Monday. 他们将于下周星期一到达巴黎。
2. get 之后通常接介词 to。如:
When we got to the park, it began to rain. 我们到达公园时,就开始下雨了。
在谈到火车、汽车等或乘客等到站时,通常用 get in。如:
The bus gets in at five thirty. 汽车五点半到站。
■reach 通常是及物动词(较 get 更正式),其后可直接跟地点名词作宾语(不能用介词)。如:
He reached Beijing yesterday. 他昨天到达北京。
注:reach 之后也可接 here, there, home 等词。如:
When did he reach home yesterday? 昨天他什么时候到家?
顺便说一句:reach 除可表示到达某地外,还用于其它意义的到达。如:
Your letter reached me last week. 我是上周收到你的信的。
He has reached school age. 他已达到上学年龄。
You can guess it when you reach the end of the chapter. 当你读到这末尾时,你就可以猜到了。
113. grow, plant
grow 使某种植物在某地生长着或使其发展下去,plant 移植,移栽已经长成秧苗的植物
plant the trees, trees are growing
114. manage, try
manage to do 设法做成了某事,try to do 尽力去做某事但不一定成功
He tried to pass the exam, but he failed.
manage to do sth.暗含succeed in doing sth.之意,指“(经过努力和克服困难之后)将某事做成”,即经过努力达到了目的,重点在于结果,后接动词不定式,不接v-ing。例如: He managed to finish the work in time. 他总算按时完成了任务。 Do you think you can manage to get us some tickets? 你看能想办法给我们搞几张票吗?
try to do sth.指“设法或试图”做某事,强调要做某事或尽力做某事(但不一定成功)。例如: She will try to learn English. 她要设法学会英语。 Try not to be late again. 注意别再迟到了。
try doing sth.的意思是“(用某种方法)试一试或试试看”,指“试”的方法或方式,看看情况会怎样或结果是否满意。例如: Try knocking at the back door if nobody answers you at the front door. 如果前门没人应,试着敲敲后门。 He tried sending her flowers,but it didn’t have any effect. 他试着给她送花,但无济于事。
115. choose, select
choose 凭个人的判断力进行选择,select 有目的地仔细认真地选择 choose the best answer
select重点在于强调选择的动作,“从多个类似事物中选出一个或一部分”;
choose强调选择的结果,并且不一定是从类似的事物中进行选择,有“抉择”的意思。比如“我选择了你,你选择了我”就只能用choose而不能用select。
[辨与析] choose, select, pick, elect
choose指一般意义上的选择。例如:
He advised farmers to choose the best seed-heads. 他告诉农民要挑选最好的穗(留种)。
John tried on several jackets, and at last chose a very nice one. 约翰试穿了好几件甲克衫,最后选中了一件十分满意的。
select指“精选”, 即有所淘汰。例如:
He looked through the suits and selected the cheapest one for me. 他细细地翻看这些衣服,给我挑了一件最便宜的。
116. build, put up, set up, found
build 一般用语,建成,put up 临时搭建,set up 建成(内部的设施基本齐全),
found 国家或组织的建成 put up a tent, set up a school
▲build“建立、建造、建设”,常指建大东西,如
build a road (house, ship)筑路(造房、造船)
在表示建立一个商店、企业时,也可以用start和open.
Start(open) a factory (shop, business)
▲set up“开办”“创立”,常和表示组织、机构、团体等意义的词连用,与found基本相同。
set up a school (hospital, gonernment)
▲found“兴建”着重找基础,用基金创设
found a city兴建一个城市 found a theory创立一个学说
▲put up着重指建造或搭起一个具有高度的具体物体,在口语中与set up和build相同
put up a tent拾个帐篷
117. be familiar to, be familiar with
be familiar to 某物对某人来说是熟悉的,be familiar with 某人熟悉某物
The book is familiar to me. I'm familiar with the book.
be familiar with 精通,熟悉 这个短语表示是一种主动关系。
be familiar to 众所周知的,人人知道的 这个短语表示是一种被动关系。
这里不能看句子的主语。例如:
He is familiar with the city.
He is familiar to everyone here.
--Is this name familiar( )you?
--Yes ,I'm very familiar( )it.
A.to:at B.to:with
C.of:at D.with:to
选B. be familiar to sb 为谁所熟知的;
be familiar with sth (指认)对…熟悉。
118. agree with, agree to, agree on
agree with 同意某人,agree to 同意某事,agree on 在……上达成一致意见,主语是复数
agree with you, agree to the plan
(1)agree with的意思是“同意”,“赞成”。后面常接表示人或意见(看法)的名词或代词作宾语。如:
Does she agree with us?她同意我们的意见吗?
None of us agree with what you said.我们没有一个人同意你讲的话。
(2)agree with还有“与……一致”,“(气候、食物等)适合”的意思。如:
His words do not agree with his actions.他言行不一致。
Too much meat doesn’t agree with her.吃太多食物对她身体不合适。
注意:agree with不能用于被动语态。
(3)agree to意为“同意”,“赞成”,后面跟表示“提议”,“办法”,“计划”,“安排”等的名词或代词。如:
Please agree to this arrangement.请同意这个安排。
This plan has now been agreed to.这个计划已经被认可了。
(4)agree on表示“对……取得一致意见”,指两方或多方就某个问题取得了一致的意见或是达成了某种协议。如:
After discussion the two sides agreed on a cease-fire.经过讨论,双方就停火问题达成了协议。
They all agree on the matter.他们在这个问题上意见一致。
119. throw to, throw at
throw to 扔到……, throw at 朝……扔 He throw a stone at me.
Throw to: 是给某人
Throw at: 是砸某人
to: 小品词, 表示方向, 大的方向,不够精确, 一般不带情感
at: 表示目的, 具体的,很精确,一般带有情感。 另外,at 还强调部位接触等。
120. receive, accept,take
receive 收到某一东西,但不一定接受,accept 接受 I received a gift, but I didn't accept it.
recive,accept,take这三个词都有“接受”的意思。
receive只表示被动地接受
Then he smiled and told me I would receive an extra £100 a year!
后来他笑了,并且告诉我说,我将一年收到一百英镑的额外收入!
If you receive a request like this, you cannot fail to obey it!
如果你收到这样的一种请求,你不会不服从的!
A baby can only receive sense impressions,but it can not understand them.
婴儿只能接受感官方面的印象,而不能理解。
She has received his present, but she will not accept it.
她收到了他的礼物,但她是不会接受的。
accept总表示主动而且高兴地接受
The villagers have told him that they will not accept the inn even if he gives it away.
村民们告诉他说,即使他把那小酒店白送给人家,也没有人会接受的。
These is no accepted theory to explain the phenomenon.
没有公认的理论来解释这种现象。
take所表示的接受包含着有人赠给的意思
Did you take his advise?
你接受了他的建议了吗?
He takes anything he is given.
给他什么他就要什么。
Is there nobody to take my instuctions?
难到没有人接受我的指令吗?
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