17.
太上，不知有之；其次，亲而誉之；其次，畏之；其次，侮之。信不足焉，有不信焉。悠兮，其贵言。功成事遂，百姓皆谓“我自然”。
[译文]
最好的统治者，人民并不知道他的存在；其次的统治者，人民亲近他并且称赞他；再次的统治者，人民畏惧他；更次的统治者，人民轻蔑他。统治者的诚信不足，人民才不相信他，最好的国君都是多办事少说话，说的话都是很重要的话，懂得运用无为而治，百姓都各顺其性，各安其生，当大功告成后，百姓浑然不觉，都说“我们本来就如此呀！”
1. In the highest antiquity, (the people) did not know that there
were (their rulers). In the next age they loved them and praised them. In the next they feared them; in the next they despised them. Thus it was that when faith (in the Tao) was deficient (in the rulers) a want of faith in them ensued (in the people).
2. How irresolute（无决断的） did those (earliest rulers) appear, showing (by their reticence沉默) the importance which they set upon their words! Their work was done and their undertakings were successful, while the people all said, 'We are as we are, of ourselves!'
18.
大道废，有仁义；智慧出，有大伪；六亲不和，有孝慈；国家昏乱，有忠臣。
[译文]
大道被废弃了，才有提倡仁义的需要；聪明智巧的现象出现了，伪诈才盛行一时；家庭出现了纠纷，才能显示出孝与慈；国家陷于混乱，才能见出忠臣。
benevolence（仁慈） and righteousness came into vogue. (Then) appeared wisdom and shrewdness, and there ensued great hypocrisy（虚伪）.
2. When harmony no longer prevailed throughout the six kinships（亲缘关系）, filial（孝顺的 ） sons found their manifestation（体现）; when the states and clans fell into disorder, loyal ministers appeared.
我认为这一章再一次体现了老子在第二章中“有无相生，难易相成，长短相形，高下相盈，音声相和，前后相随。”辩证的哲学思想，使我想到“塞翁失马，焉知是福”的故事。
19.
[译文]
抛弃聪明智巧，人民可以得到百倍的好处；抛弃仁义，人民可以恢复孝慈的天性；抛弃巧诈和货利，盗贼也就没有了。圣智、仁义、巧利这三者全是巧饰，作为治理社会病态的法则是不够的，所以要使人们的思想认识有所归属，保持纯洁朴实的本性，减少私欲杂念，抛弃圣智礼法的浮文，才能免于忧患。
1. If we could renounce our sageness and discard our wisdom, it
would be better for the people a hundredfold. If we could renounce our benevolence and discard our righteousness, the people would again
become filial( 孝顺的) and kindly. If we could renounce our artful contrivances and discard our (scheming for) gain, there would be no thieves nor robbers.
2. Those three methods (of government) Thought olden ways in
elegance did fail And made these names their want of worth to veil;
But simple views, and courses plain and true Would selfish ends and
many lusts(欲望) eschew(避开；远离). When we renounce learning we have no troubles.
上一章叙述了大道废弃后社会病态的种种表现，本章则针对社会病态，提出治理的方案。在前一章里，老子说“智慧出，有大伪”，因而主张抛弃这种聪明智巧。他认为“圣”、“智”产生法制巧诈，用法制巧诈治国，便成为扰民的“有为”之政。抛弃这种扰民的政举，人民就可以得到切实的利益。
20.
荒兮，其未央哉！
众人熙熙，如享太牢，如春登台。
我独泊兮，其未兆，如婴儿之未孩；
儽儽（lěi）兮，若无所归。
众人皆有余，而我独若遗。我愚人之心也哉！沌沌兮！
俗人昭昭，我独昏昏。
俗人察察，我独闷闷。
澹兮其若海，飂兮若无止。
众人皆有以，而我独顽且鄙。
我独异于人，而贵食母。
[译文]
应诺和呵斥，相距有多远？美好和丑恶，又相差多少？人们所畏惧的，不能不畏惧。这风气从远古以来就是如此，好像没有尽头的样子。众人都熙熙攘攘、兴高采烈，如同去参加盛大的宴席，如同春天里登台眺望美景。而我却独自淡泊宁静，无动于衷。混混沌沌啊，如同婴儿还不会发出嘻笑声。疲倦闲散啊，好像浪子还没有归宿。众人都有所剩余，而我却像什么也不足。我真是只有一颗愚人的心啊！众人光辉自炫，唯独我迷迷糊糊；众人都那么严厉苛刻，唯独我这样淳厚宽宏。恍惚啊，像大海汹涌；恍惚啊，像飘泊无处停留。世人都精明灵巧有本领，唯独我愚昧而笨拙。我唯独与人不同的，关键在于得到了“道”。
What all men fear is indeed to be feared; but how wide and without
end is the range of questions (asking to be discussed)!
2. The multitude of men look satisfied and pleased; as if enjoying a
full banquet, as if mounted on a tower in spring. I alone seem listless and still, my desires having as yet given no indication of their presence. I am like an infant which has not yet smiled. I look dejected and forlorn, as if I had no home to go to. The multitude of men all have enough and to spare. I alone seem to have lost everything. My mind is that of a stupid man; I am in a state of chaos.
Ordinary men look bright and intelligent, while I alone seem to be
benighted. They look full of discrimination, while I alone am dull and confused. I seem to be carried about as on the sea, drifting as if I had nowhere to rest. All men have their spheres of action, while I alone seem dull and incapable, like a rude borderer. (Thus) I alone am different from other men, but I value the nursing-mother (the Tao).
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