经济学:用少量的知识拓展到广泛的范围。
经济学:一种新的思维方式。
不同学科有不同的思维方式,例如,工程、教育、经济。例如,故事,南非抓大象,数学分析1,证明南非有大象,计算机:设计程序,起点——终点——比对;经济学家,只要价格定的足够高,大象自己就来了。
凯恩斯:经济学思想的力量John Maynard Keynes on Economic Ideas
许多实践家自以为不受任何学理的影响,却往往当了某个已故经济学的奴隶。——凯恩斯
关于经济学家 onEconomists
The master-economist must possess a rarecombination of gifts. He must be mathematician, historian, statesman,philosopher- in some degree. He must understand symbols and speak in words. Hemust contemplate the particular in terms of the general, and touch abstract andconcrete in the same flight of thought. Hemust study the present…
经济学的三类问题
1. 人们如何作出决策 how people make decisions
2. 人们如何相互作用 how people interact
3. 整体经济如恶化运行 how the economy as a whole works
经济学十大原理
人们如何作出决策
1 人们面临得失交换(权衡取舍)People face tradeoffs.
2 某物的成本是为此放弃的东西。The cost of something is what you give up to get it.
3 理性人思考边际量。Rational people think at the margin.
4 人们会对激励做出反应。 people respond to incentives.
人们如何相互作用
5 贸易使人人收益trade can make everyone better off.
6 市场通常是组织经济活动的好方式Markets are usually a good way to organize economic activity.
7 政府又是可以改进市场结果。Governments can sometimes improve market outcomes.
整体经济如何运行
8 一国的生活水平取决于它的生产。The standard of living depends on a country’s production.
9 当政府发型了过多的货币是,物价上涨。Prices rise when the government prints too much money.
10 社会面对通货膨胀和失业之间的短期得失交换。Society faces a short-run tradeoff between inflation andunemployment.
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