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强调句型系统解析
强调句综合知识链接
人们在说话、写文章的过程中,为了要突出句子中的某一部分时,就常使用某种方法、手段使它突出,以便能引起他人的注意,这就是强调。
英语中,表示强调的方法一般分为三种:位置的强调;用词强调;句型强调。如:
一、位置强调
英语句子的语序,一般为:主、谓、宾、表、状。有时为了强调某个成份,就故意将它移到句首或句末。如:
A.强调主语及状语。如:
(1) Iwas reading English thismorning. — Thismorning, I was reading English. 今天早晨,我一直在读英语。
(2) I’llgo to see Li Leitomorrow. — Tomorrow,I’ll go to see Li Lei. 明天,我要去看李蕾。
B. 强调谓语(as,though引导的让步状语从句)
(1) Thoughhe will try, he can’tsucceed. — Tryas / though he will, he can’t succeed.尽管他会尝试,但他不会成功。
(2) Thoughshe can sing, she can’t singwell. — Singthough / as she can, she can’t sing well.尽管她会唱,但唱得不好。
C. 强调宾语或表语(as,though引导的让步状语从句)
(1) Thoughhe learnt English, he didn’t learn itwell. — Englishas / though he learnt, he didn’t learn it well.尽管他学过英语,但他学得并不好。
(2) Thoughhe is ill, he keeps onworking. —Ill as /though he is, he keeps on working.尽管他有病,他仍坚持工作。
二、用词强调
英语中强调的另一种方法,就是用不同的词进行夸张从而达到强调的目的。用词强调主要有以下几种形式。
A. 在句子中的谓语动词前加助动词do,对谓语进行强调。如:
(1) Ido like swimming. 我的确喜欢游泳。
(2) Hedid go there last night. 他昨天晚上的确去过那儿。
B. 用awfully,badly, dead, deeply, ever, extremely, highly, indeed, lightly,not…at all, particularly, pretty, really, so,strongly, terribly, utterly, very, verymuch,等副词修饰以加强语气。如:
(1) Hewants to get it very much. 他非常像得到它。
(2) Imiss you terribly. 我非常思念你。
C. 用短语atall, on earth, in the world, under thesun等表示强调,意思是:到底,究竟,根本。如:
(1) Idon’t know it at all. 我一点也不知道。
(2) Whaton earth are you doing there? 你到底在那干什么?
4)用重复某一个词或短语来强调。如:
(1) Hethought and thought, and suddenly he got a good idea.他想啊想啊,突然想到了一个好主意。
(2) Heran and ran, and at last he caught up with other students.他跑啊跑啊,终于赶上了其他的同学们。
三、用句子来强调
A.句型强调
英语中最常见的强调手段,也是我们必须要掌握的方法就是句型强调,即:强调句型。It is /was + 被强调的部分 + that (who)…如:
(1) Itwas in the room that Li Lei was born.李蕾出生就在这间房子。
(2) Itis Wei Fang who has broken the record.就是魏方打破了纪录。
B.在使用强调句型时须注意的几个问题:
(A) 原句子是现在时或将来时,强调句用Itis + 被强调的部分+ that (who)…;若原句子是过去时,强调句用:It was + 被强调的部分+ that(who)…
(1) LiLei’s father will work inAmerica. —It is inAmerica that Li Lei’s father will work.李蕾的父亲的工作将就在美国。
(2) Istudied at this school a few yearsago. —It was at thisschool that I studied a few years ago.几年前我就在这所学校读书。
(B) 即使被强调的部分是复数,It后面始终用单数形式。如(from www.yygrammar.com)
(1) Tomand Lucy gave us muchhelp. —It was Tom andLucy that gave us much help.正是汤姆和露西给了我们很多的帮助。
(2) Isaw swans in the lakeyesterday. —It was swansthat I saw in the lake yesterday.昨天我看到在湖里的就是天鹅。
(C) 强调人时,可用who代替that, 但若强调时间、地点、原因、方式时,不能用when, where, why,how代替that。如:
(1) Itis our teacher who / that helps us make great progress.正是我们的老师帮助我们取得了很大的进步。
(2) Itis by bus that I go to school every day.每天我就是乘公共汽车上学。
(D) 在强调not…until结构中的时间状语时,应将not移到until前,再将notuntil部分移到被强调的位置。如:
I didn’t goto bed until twelve o’clock lastnight. — Itwas not until twelve o’clock last night that I went to bed.昨天晚上我一直到十二点才睡。
(E) 强调一般疑问句中的某一成分时,将强调句中的主句用一般疑问语序。如:
(1) Doyou like English?—It is English that youlike? 英语就是你喜欢的吗?
(2) Willyou go to London?—It is London that you will goto? 你要去的就是伦敦吗?
(F)特殊疑问句中只有疑问词可以被强调。句型为:特殊疑问词+be +it that+…? 如:
(1) Whatmade him so angry?—What is it that made him soangry? 是什么东西使他如此生气?
(2) Whydid she cry?—Why was it that she cried?是什么原因使他哭了起来?
(G) 强调主语时,who或that后面的谓语形式须与被强调的主语保持一致。如:
(1) Lilyspeaks Chinese verywell. —It is Lily who /that speaks Chinese very well. 李丽的汉语讲得很好。
(2) Childrenlike stories. —It isChildren that like stories. 孩子们喜欢故事。
(H) 强调句中的be前可用表推测的情态动词:must,can, may等。如:
(1) Itmust be Piney that sent us this present.肯定是Piney 给我们寄来了这件礼物。
(2) Howcan it be that he didn’t pass the exams.他考试没有通过怎么可能呢?
(I) 强调句型不用于强调谓语、表语、since,as等引导的原因状语从句。如:
He is bettertoday since he can walk around without my help.就不能有下列强调形式:
It is bettertoday that he is today since he can walk around without my help.(错)
It is sincehe can walk around without my help that he is better today.(错)