2016高考英语必考词汇详解(1)
正东方教育内部资料
第一部分A字母开头词汇
a[E,ei], an[En,An] art.
1.一(个,件,…):He has a car. 他有一辆小汽车。
He is an old man. 他是位老人。
He bought a dozen pencils. 他买了一打铅笔。
2.任何…都:A bird has wings. 鸟有翅膀。
A square has four sides. 正方形有四条边。
3.每(一):We meet twice a week. 我们每星期见两次面。
4.某,某一个:In a sense you are right. 在某种意义上你是对的。
A Mr Smith wants to see you. 一位名叫史密斯先生的人想见你。
【注意】
1.在序数词之前使用a(an),可以表示数量或序数的增加:Do you want to read it a third time? 你还想看第三次吗?
2.不定冠词可用来表示“类属”,即表示某一类属中的每一个都能反映该类属的整体情况,此时也可用定冠词或名词复数形式来表示:
A tiger [The tiger, Tigers] can be dangerous. 老虎是危险的。
注意:不定冠词的这一用法是指某一类中任何一个具有代表性的个体,它不能用来表示整体类别的特性,如下例中的the不能换成a:
The tiger is in danger of becoming extinct. 老虎有绝种的危险。
ability[E5biliti] n.
1.[U]能力:
She has the ability to speak English fluently. 她能够流利地说英语。
2.[U,C]才能,才智:a man of ability (many abilities) 有才能(多才能)的人
【说明】
1. 表示某人做某事的能力,其后通常接不定式,即说 the ability to do sth。
2. 表示抽象意义的“能力”时,不可数;侧重指天资或才能方面的能力时,可数或不可数均可能,有时可用复数形式:
Everyone admired his abilities. 大家都敬佩他的才能。
able[5eibl] adj. 有能力的,能够,能干的:
He is an able teacher. 他是位有能力的老师。
He was able to solve the problem quickly. 他很快把问题解决了。
【说明】
able 的比较级和最高级通常是 abler 和 ablest,也可以是 more able, better able 和 most able,但不如前者常见。
【辨析】be able to 与 can的区别,见 can。
aboard[E5bR:d] adv.& prep.上船(飞机、车),在船(飞机、车)上:
Welcome aboard this flight to London. 欢迎搭乘本班开往伦敦的飞机。
He has gone aboard (the plane). 他上了飞机。
about[E5baut] prep.
1.在…各处,到处:
He traveled about the world. 他周游了全世界。
2.在…附近(周围):
He looked about him now and then. 他不时地环顾四周。
3.关于,涉及:
He talked about his family. 他谈到了他的家人。
4.在…身上(边):
Do you have a lighter about you? 你身上带有打火机吗?
5.大约(在):
About this time an incident happened. 差不多就在这个时候,发生了一件事。
6.从事于:
What are you about? 你在干什么?
=1.How [What] about… …怎么样:
How about having a cup of tea? 喝杯茶怎么样?
What about that matter the other day? 早几天的那件事怎么样了?
2. be about to do sth 即将要做某事(不与具体的时间状语连用):
They are about to start. 他们就要动身了。
【辨析】about 与 on(关于):
about 指泛泛地或非正式地谈论某事;
on 则指比较系统地或理论性较强地论述某事。比较:
He wrote on mathematics. 他撰写数学著作。
He wrote about the school. 他报道有关这所学校的情况。
【比较】know sb=认识某人,know of sb=知道有某人,know about sb=知道有关某人的情况;
hear sb=听到某人(讲话),hear of sb=听说过某人=hear about sb 听到关于某人的情况
above[E5bQv] prep.
1.高于,高出,在…上方:
I saw the moon above the roof. 我看见月亮在屋顶上。
We were flying above the clouds.我们在云层上面飞行。
2.在…上游,在…前面:
The water is smoother above the dam. 水坝上游的水更平静些。
3. 超过,胜过:
Health is above wealth. 健康胜过财富。
The temperature has been above the average recently. 近来的气温一直比平均温度高。
4.不屑于,不至于,不会:
He is above doing such things. 他不至于做出这样的事来。
adv.在上面,在前面:
the plan mentioned above 上述计划
adj.上面的:
the above statement如上所述
(= the statement above)
【辨析】above与over(高于):
over 主要表示垂直在上的正上方,而above 则不一定表示正上方(即表示正上方时两者均可用,不表示正上方时要用 above)。
2.若含有动态或覆盖的意味,通常用 over,而不用 above:
He flew over to France. 他飞到了法国。
Cover her over witha sheet. 用床单把她盖起来。
abroad[E5brC:d] adv. 到(在)国外:
He just came back from abroad. 他刚从国外回来。
He has been abroad many times. 他多次出国。
abrupt[E5brQpt] adj.
1.突然的,意外的:
The train came to an abrupt stop. 火车突然地停了下来。
2.(举止、言谈等)唐突的,鲁莽的:
He has an abrupt manner. 他举止粗鲁。
absence[5AbsEns] n.[C,U]不在,缺席:
Her absence was noticed by the teacher. 老师注意到了她缺席。
In the absence of the managerI shall be in charge. 经理不在的时候,由我负责。
【说明】通常为不可数名词,但表示缺席或离开的次数或时间时,为可数名词:after an absence of three months 在离开3个月后
absent[5Absent] adj. 缺席,不在:Nobody is absent today. 今天没人缺席。vt.不在,不参与:He absented himself from class. 他上课缺席。
【说明】
1.后接缺席者所缺席的场所时,用介词 from,但若不是表示缺席者所缺席的场所,则不用介词 from。比较:
He’s absent from Europe. 他不在欧洲。
He’s absent in Europe. 他外出了,现在欧洲。
2.用作动词,是及物动词,常接反身代词作宾语,表示“做某事缺席”,其后常接介词from。
absolute[5AbsElu:t] adj.
1.十足的,地道的:
an absolute fool 十足的傻瓜
2.绝对的,完全的:
That’s absolute nonsense! 那完全是胡说。
3.肯定的,无疑的:
We have absolute proof. 我们有确凿的证据。
4.无条件的:
make an absolute promise 无条件答应
absorb[Eb5sR:b] vt.
1.吸收:Dry sand absorbs water. 干沙吸水。
2.吸引…的注意,使全神贯注:
He is absorbed in study. 他专心学习。
3.把…并入,并吞,同化:
Most little shops have been absorbed into big businesses. 大多数小店已被并入大公司。
abstract[5AbstrAkt] adj.
1.抽象的:
We may talk of beautiful things, but beauty itself is abstract. 我们尽可谈些美的事物,但美本身却是抽象的。
2.抽象派的:an abstract painter 抽象派画家 n.
1.[C]抽象派艺术作品
2.[C]摘要,梗概:
Please write an abstract of this scientific article. 请写一份这篇科学论文的摘要。
abundant[E5bQndEnt] adj.丰富的,充裕的:an abundant harvest 丰收 / Our country is abundant in natural resources. 我国自然资源丰富。
abuse[E5bju:z] v.1.滥用:He was accused of abusing his position for personal gain. 有人指控他以权谋私。2.辱骂,虐待:It’s said that he abused his wife. 据说他虐待他妻子。n.[E5bju:s]1.[C,U]滥用,妄用:the abuse of privilege 滥用特权 2.[C,U]辱骂,说坏话,侮辱
academic[7AkE5demik] adj. 1.(学院或大学)教学的,学术的:academic research 学术研究 / an academic degree 学位 n. [C]大学学生,大学教师
academy[E5kAdEmi] n. (高等)专科院校:an academy of music 音乐院校 / a military academy 军事院校 2.研究院,学会:the Academyof Sciences of China 中国科学院
accelerate[Ek5selEreit] v.(使)加速,促进,增加:I accelerated and left the other cars behind. 我加速行驶,其他的车子抛在后面。/ I decide to accelerate his advertising. 我决定增加广告量。
accent[5AksEnt] n. 1.[C,U]口音,腔调:speak English with a foreign accent 说英语带外国腔2.[C]重音:The word “lady” has its accent on the first syllable. lady这个词的重音在第一个音节。3.[C,U]强调,重点:In all our products the accent is on quality. 在我们的所有产品中,最重视的就是质量。
accept[E5ksept] v. 1.接受:accept an invitation 接受邀请 / She offered him a lift and he accepted (it). 她请他坐她的车,他就领情了。2. 同意,赞同:accept the judge’s decision 同意法官的判决 3.认为,相信:accept sth as true 信以为真
【辨析】accept 与receive:前者指主观上接受,后者指客观上收到:He received the gift, but he did not accept it. 他收到这件礼物,但没有接受。
accident[5AksidEnt] n.[C]事故,意外事件:Two people were injured in the accident. 这次事故中有两人受伤。■by accident偶然(=by chance):Columbus discovered America by accident. 哥伦布偶然发现了美洲大陆。
【辨析】accident 与 incident:前者指偶然发生的不幸事件(事故);后者则指普通的小事件,也指暴力性的政治事件:About ten people were killed in the car accident. 在这次车祸中大约有10个人丧生。/ The book is about the July 7th Incident. 这本书是关于七七事变的。
according to[E5kC:diNtu] prep.按照,根据:Everything went according to plan. 一切按计划进行。/ According to the timetable, the train gets in at 8:27. 根据时刻表,火车8:27进站。/ According to the weather forecast, we'll have rain tomorrow. 根据天气预报,明天会下雨。/The work was done according to her instructions. 这工作是按她的指示做的。
【说明】用于此义时,可表示“根据”某学说、某书刊、某文件、某人所说等或表示“按照”某法律、某规定、某惯例、某情况等。注意:according to通常指根据别人或别处,而不是根据自己,所以它不能用于第一人称,同时也很少用于第二人称,而主要用于第三人称,即可说 according to him,但不说 according to me。要表示自己的看法,可用 in one’s opinion 之类的表达,但是,according to 后习惯上不接view(看法)和 opinion(意见)这类词。
accommodation[E7kRmE5deiFEn] n.住处,住宿,膳宿:Can we find accommodation(s) at a hotel for tonight? 我们今晚能找到旅馆住宿吗? / This hospital has accommodation(s) for 500 patients. 这家医院有500个床位。
【说明】在英国英语中不可数,在美国英语中通常用复数,但不能与不定冠词连用。
accompany[E5kQmpEni] v.伴随,陪同:She accompanied her friend to the concert. 她陪同朋友去听音乐会。/ Children must be accompanied by an adult. 小孩须由成人陪同。
【注意】1.通常不接不定式的复合结构作宾语,如下句中的to go应去掉:He accompanied her to go to the station. 2.有的词典将其注为“陪伴”、“陪同”,但其英文释义为to go somewhere with someone, especially to look after them,所以要表示呆在某处陪伴某人不宜用它。
accomplish[E5kQmpliF] vt.做成功,完成,达成:accomplish one’s purpose 达到目的 / We tried to settle the argument but accomplishednothing. 我们试图解决争端,但没起什么作用。
account[E5kaunt] n. 1.[C]账目,账户:open an account at [with] a bank 在银行开户 / Put it on my account.=Charge it to my account.=Add it to my account. 记在我的账上。2.[C]描述,说明,报导:I believe that is a very good account of what happened. 我相信这对发生的情况作了很好的描述。3.[U]原因,理由:He is angry on this account. 由于这个原因他很生气。4.[U]考虑:Never leave this point out of account. 绝不可将这一点不列入考虑。 v. 认为:I account him lucky. 我认为他很幸运。■1. account for 解释,说明:His illness accounts for his absence. 他因病缺席。2. by [from] all accounts 据说,据报道,据各方面说:By all accounts their manager is very able. 据说他们的经理很能干。3. on account of 因为,由于:He couldn’t come on account of his illness. 他因病不能来。4.on all accounts [on every account] 总之:It’s best to do so on all accounts. 总之,这样做最好。5.on no account 绝不:You ought on no account to take part in that. 你千万别参与那事。/ On no account must we leave him like this. 我们绝不能这样把他留下。6. take account of 考虑,重视:We must take full account of this. 我们必须足够重视这一点。7. take sth into account 考虑,注意:You should take the expenses into account. 你应该把费用考虑进去。
accountant[E5kauntEnt] n. [C]会计师,会计:He signed the accountant to enter. 他示意叫会计进去。
accumulate[E5kju:mjuleit] v.积累,收集,积储:Dust soon accumulates in the room. 房间里很快积满了灰尘。/ He accumulated a goodlibrary. 他积累了丰富的藏书。
accuracy[5AkjErEsi] n. [U]准确,精确:firing accuracy 命中率 / with accuracy 准确地 / There is no need to check the accuracy of thereport. 没有必要核实这份报告的准确性。
accurate[5AkjErEt] adj.准确的,正确无误的:Is that clock accurate? 那钟准吗? / He is accurate in his judgment. 他的判断正确无误。
accuse[E5kju:z] vt.指责,控告,指控:He accused her of cheating. 他指责她作弊。/ He was accused as an accomplice. 他被指控为同犯。
【注意】表示因某事而控告、指控、指责某人,通常用 accused sb of (doing) sth,其中的介词of 不能改为 for:The police accused him of theft [stealing]. 警方控告他偷盗。
accustomed[E5kQstEmd] adj. 习惯的,经常的:He is accustomed to hard work. 他习惯于苦干。/ She was accustomed to getting up early. 她习惯于早起。
【说明】表示习惯于做某事,通常用 be accustomed to,其中的 to 通常被认为是介词,后接名词或动名词,但在现代英语中,其后也可接动词原形(即 to 被视为不定式符号)。
ache[eik] n.[C,U]疼痛:I have an ache in the stomach. 我胃痛。vi. 痛:His back aches. 他背痛。/ I’m aching all over. 我全身都痛。/ Her head ached all night. 她的头整夜都疼。
【辨析】ache与pain:前者主要指肉体局部持续的疼痛或隐痛;而pain的应用范围则较广,可指轻微的痛或剧烈的痛,可指局部的痛或全身的痛,可指持续的痛或突发的痛等。