2016高考英语必考词汇详解(7)
apologize[E5pClEdVaiz] vi. (美apologise)道歉，认错：She apologized to her teacher for coming to school late. 她因迟到而向老师道歉。/I do apologize for taking so long to reply to your letter. 这么久才回信，我实在过意不去。
apology[E5pClEdVi] n.[C, U]道歉，歉意：accept an apology 接受道歉 / refuse an apology 拒绝道歉 / Please accept my apologies. 请接受我的歉意。/ I must make an apology to your aunt for forgetting her birthday. 我把你婶婶的生日给忘了，得向她道歉。
apparent[E5pArEnt] adj. 1.明显的，显而易见的：It was apparent that she didn’t hear what I said. 很明显她没听见我说的话。2.表面的，外观上的：His reluctance was only apparent. 他不过是表面上不愿意罢了。
appeal[E5pi:l] vi. 1.呼吁，要求：The government is appealing to everyone to save water. 政府呼吁每个人节约用水。2.对…有吸引力，引起兴趣(连用to)：She appeals to me. 我对她感兴趣。3.诉诸于，向…求助：appeal to force 诉诸武力 n.1.[U,C]呼吁，恳求：an appeal for help to the public 向公众求援的呼吁 2.[U]吸引力：Music has little appeal for me. 音乐引不起我的兴趣。
appear[E5piE] vi.1.出现，露面：The stars appear at night. 星星在晚上出现。2.看来，似乎：She appeared very tired. 她显得很疲劳。/ She appeared to know everything. 她似乎什么都知道。3.出版：Most newspapers appear daily. 大多数的报纸每天出版。
【说明】1.是不及物动词，因此不能带宾语，也不能用于被动语态。2.比较同义句：It appears that he is ill.＝He appears to be ill. 他似乎病了。
appearance[E5piErEns] n. 1.[C]出现，露面，到场：His sudden appearance surprised her. 他的突然出现使她吃惊。2.[C,U]外表，外貌：Never judge by [from] appearance(s). 切勿以外貌取人。/ He always has a calm appearance. 他总是很安详的样子。
appendix[E5pendiks] n. 1.[C]附录，附言，补遗：appendix at the end of a book 书后的附录 2.[C]阑尾
【说明】其复数有两种形式：表示“附录”时，通常用 appendices；表示“阑尾”时，通常用 appendixes。但在现代英语两者常可混用，从使用的情况来看，以用 appendixes 居多：The book has several useful appendices [appendixes]. 这本书有好几个有用的附录。
appetite[5Apitait] n. 1.[C,U]食欲，胃口：He lost his appetite. 他食欲不振。/ He has a good appetite. 他的胃口好。2.[C,U]欲望，渴望：He has a great appetite for knowledge. 他渴望知识。
applaud[E5plR:d] v.1.鼓掌，欢呼：Everyone applauded when the play ended. 演出结束时，大家都热烈鼓掌。2.称赞，赞成：I applaud your decision. 我赞成你的决定。
【用法】表示“为…鼓掌或欢呼”时，为及物动词，可直接跟宾语，不要根据汉语意思误用介词for：The audience applauded the perform for 5 minutes. 观众为演出鼓掌喝彩达五分钟。
apple[5Apl] n.[C]苹果：an apple pie 苹果馅饼
applicant[5AplikEnt] n.[C]请求者，申请者：an applicant for a situation=a job applicant 求职者 / an applicant for admission to a school 入学申请者 / an applicant for Party membership 入党申请者
application[7Apli5keiFEn] n.1.[U]申请，请求：Application must be made this afternoon. 申请必须在今天下午提出。2.[C]申请表，申请书：Please fill in this application form. 请填写这份申请表。3.[C,U]应用，运用：I don’t know the application of this word. 我不知道这个词的用法。
apply[E5plai] v.1.申请：I’m going to apply for that job they advertised. 他们登广告招聘的那个职位，我打算申请。2.应用，使用，适用：These methods apply to learning English. 这些方法适用于英语学习。3.集中精神，专注：She applied herself to learning English. 她专心学习英语。
appoint[E5pRint] vt.1.委派，任命：He was appointed ambassador. 他已被任命为大使。2.指定，约定(时间、地点等)：Let’s appoint a time for the meeting. 我们约定一个开会的时间。
appointment[E5pCintmEnt] n.1.[C,U]约会，约定：keep (break) an appointment 守(违)约 / He had an appointment to see the head of school. 他约定去见校长。2.[C]职务，职位：He has an appointment in the Foreign Office at present. 他目前在外交部任职。
appreciate[E5pri:Fieit] vt. 1.欣赏，鉴赏：It’s very hard for the children to appreciate the poetry. 让孩子们欣赏这样的诗很难。2.感激：Thanks for your help. We did appreciate it. 谢谢你的帮助。我们真的很感激。3.意识到：We appreciate the danger ahead. 我们意识到危险临头。
【说明】1.后接动词时用动名词，不用不定式：We shall appreciate hearing from you again. 能再次收到你的来信，我们将十分感激。2.表示感激时，其宾语通常是 help, kindness 等表“事物”的名词，不能是指人的名词(比较：thank后接要感谢的人)。3.是及物动词，其后必须有宾语，如下句中的 it 不能省略：I would appreciate it very much if you would help me with it. 如果你能帮助我做这事，我将十分感激。
appreciation[E7pri:Fi5eiFEn] n.1.[U](可用a)评定，鉴赏：She has an appreciation of art and music. 她对于美术和音乐有了解。2.[U](可用a)感激，感谢：She showed an appreciation of my help. 她感谢我的帮助。
approach[E5prEutF] v.1.走近，靠近，逼近：Spring is approaching. 春天快到了。/ He approached the children slowly. 他慢慢走近那些小孩。2.开始考虑，开始着手：He approached the idea with caution. 他开始认真地考虑那个主意。n.1.[U]走近，靠近：The approach of winter brings cold weather. 冬天快到了，天气要转冷了。2.[C]通路，入口：All approaches were blocked. 所有的入口都堵塞了。3.[C]方法，手段：the best approach to study English 学习英语的最佳方法
【用法】表示靠近或走近某人或某事物时，可直接用作及物动词，直接说 approach a place 即可，不要按汉语意思误加介词 to, near 等。
appropriate[E5prEupriEnt] adj.适当的，合适的：It’s not an appropriate example. 那不是一个合适的例子。/ His remarks were appropriate to [for] the occasion. 他的话应景适时。
【用法】后接 that从句时，从句谓语通常要用“(should)+动词原形”：It is appropriate that he (should) be present. 他应到场才对。
approval[E5pru:vl] n.1.[U]赞成，同意：He showed his approval by smiling. 他用微笑表示赞成。2.[U]批准，认可：The mayor gave approval to the plan. 市长批准了这个计划。
approve[E5pru:v] v.1.赞成，赞同：I approve of your choice. 我赞成你的选择。/ I don’t approve of smoking. 我不赞成抽烟。2.批准，认可：He approved the building plans. 他批准了建筑计划。
【用法】1.表示“赞成”、“同意”时，通常不及物，若后接宾语，通常要借助介词of(偶尔也用作及物动词，省略介词of，但在现代英语中已很少见)。2.表示“批准”时，总是及物动词，后跟宾语时无需任何介词。3.不要按汉语的“赞成某人做某事”而说 approve sb to do sth，因为它是不及物动词，不能直接跟sb作宾语，可改说 approve of sb’s doing sth：I do not approve of your going out with him. 我不赞成你同他一起出去。
approximately[E5prRksimEtli] adv.大体，大致，大约：It cost approximately five million dollars. 大约花了500万美元。
【说明】用法与 about 相似，但比 about 更正式。
apron[5eiprEn] n. [C]围裙：He is tied to his wife’s apron strings. 他这个人是“妻管严”。
arbitrary[5B:bitrEri] adj.1.任意的，任性的，随心所欲的：My choice was quite arbitrary. 我的选择相当随意。2.霸道的，专横的，独断独行的：arbitrary arguments 强词夺理的争论
arch[B:tF] n.[C]拱廊，拱门，弓形：an arch bridge 拱桥 v. (使)弯成弓形：The rainbow arches the heaven. 虹在天上成弓形。/ The cat arches its back when it sees the dog. 猫看到狗, 便把背拱起。
architect[5B:kitekt] n.[C]建筑师，设计师
architecture[5B:kitektFE] n.1.[U]建筑学(术)：study architecture 学习建筑 2.建筑样式(风格)，建筑物：modern architecture 现代建筑 3.构造，结构：the architecture of a beehive 蜂窝的结构
Arctic[5B:ktik] adj.1.北极的：the Arctic Ocean 北冰洋 2.极冷的：What arctic weather we are having! 天气冷极了！
【说明】参见Antarctic。
area[5ZEriE] n. 1.[C,U]面积：What’s the area of the field? 这块地面积多大？2.[C]地区，区域：The low area is flooded very often. 这低地经常被淹。3.[C]范围，领域，方面：There are many developments in the area of language teaching. 在语言教学方面有许多进展。
【说明】表示某地的具体面积时，可用含有 area 的多种表达：The room has an area of ten square meters.=The area of the room is ten square meters.=The room is ten square meters in area. =The room covers an area of ten square meters. 这个房间的面积为10平方米。
argue[5B:gju:] v.1.争辩，争论：No use arguing with him about the matter. 和他争论这件事是徒劳的。/ Do as you are told. Don’t argue (with me). 照吩咐行事，不要(与我)争论。2.争辩(说)，据理力争：I argued that we needed a large office. 我据理力争我们需要一个大办公室。
argument[5B:gjumEnt] n. 1.[C,U]争论，辩论：After a long argument, we decided where to go for our holiday. 经过长时间争论，我们决定了在哪里度假。/ We agreed without much further argument. 我们没怎么争论就达成了一致意见。2.[C]论点，论据，理由：There are many arguments against smoking. 有许多理由反对抽烟。
arise[E5raiz] vi.1.出现，发生：A new difficulty has arisen. 新的困难出现了。2.造成，引起：Accidents can arise from carelessness. 意外事件可能因疏忽而引起。
arithmetic[E5riPmEtik] n.[U]算术，计算：Can you work out this arithmetic problem? 你能算出这道算术题吗?
【链接】geometry=几何，algebra=代数，function=函数
arm1[B:m] n.[C]手臂，臂状物：The mother carries her baby in her arms. 母亲怀抱婴儿。■arm in arm 臂挽着臂：He was seen walking arm in arm with a lady. 有人看见他与一位女士臂挽着臂同行。
arm2[B:m] v.以…装备，武装(起来)：The enemy is arming. 敌人正在备战。n.(用复数)武器，武力：Lay down your arms or we’ll fire.放下武器，不然我们就要开枪了。
armchair[5B:mtFZE] n.[C]扶手椅：in an armchair 在椅子上
【说明】通常说 sit in the armchair，而不说 sit on the armchair。
army[5B:mi] n.1.[C]军队，陆军：army and navy 陆军和海军 / The two armies fought for control of the bridge. 两军为占领那座桥而战。2.[C]大群，大批：an army of workers (ants) 一大群工人(蚂蚁)
around[E5raund] adv.1.在周围，在附近：He looked around. 他向四周看看。2.到处，各处：Children were playing around on the sand. 孩子们在沙地上到处玩。3.环绕，绕圈： The tree measures two meters around. 这树周长2米。4.转身：He turned around and saw her. 他转过身就看见了她。5.到某地方(某人家)：Come around to my place sometime. 找个时间来我家玩。prep.1.在…周围，环绕：He put his arms around her shoulders. 他搂抱着她的双肩。2.在…的各处，朝…的四处，遍及：The boy left his toys around the room. 男孩把玩具丢得满屋都是。3.在…的附近，在…身边：He lives somewhere around London. 他住在伦敦附近。4.大约：He left his homeland around 1945. 他大约在1945年离开家乡。5.绕过，拐弯：Let’s get around the most difficult part. 我们跳过最难的部分吧。
