1、By
by prep. 乘……。用来表示方式,其后的名词为单数,且不加冠词。例如:
by bike/bus/ car /taxi/train//road/railway/land/boat/ship/ water/ sea/plane/air
但:“步行”用on foot.
注意:若表示交通工具的名词前有限定词,则将by 改作in 或on.
in one’s/the car/ bus/plane etc. on the bike
by name
该介宾词组的意思是“名叫……”;“凭名字”。如:
①He met a man, John by name.
②I knew him only by name.
by one’s first marriage 通过或由于某人的第一次婚姻
介词by有许多含义,在此处意为“通过”,相当于through。
He left by the first train.他乘第一次列车离开了。
The electricity supply is operated by a switch.供电由一个开关控制。
by the age of/at the age of,by到……时为止。表示的是一段时间,句子通常用完成时态。
2、At
at在……时候。表示的是具体时间点,句子通常用一般时态。
①By the age of ten,he had learned to play the piano.10岁的时候,他就学会了弹钢琴。
②He was very clever.and at the age of 15 he went to college.他非常聪明,15岁时上大学了。
③By the end of this term,we’ll have learned 2000 English words.到本学期末,我们将学会2000个英语单词。
④At the end of this term,we’ll hold an English party.在本学期末,我们将举行一次英语晚会.
3、call 短语
动词.call所构成的短语很多,现将在中学课上的常出现的由call所构成短语的意义和用法列出。
(1)call at 指短期访问某地:顺便去某处。
We called at the park when we stayed in the city. 我们在那个城市时顺便去了那个公园。
(2)call on 的意思“正式拜访某人”;此外,它还有“号召”之意。如:
They called on the famous scientist.他们拜访了那个著名科学家。
The Party calls on us to learn from Comrade Lei Feng.党号召我们向雷锋同志学习。
(3)call to “大声呼唤、招呼、呼求”。如:
They called to us for help. 他们向我们呼求援助。
(4)call for 可作“要求、需要、提倡”,还可作“邀约”解。如:
This is a problem that calls for immediate solution.这是个要求立即解决的问题。
I’ll call for you then and we go there together.到时我来叫你,我们一起去哪儿。
(5)call in 有“召来、召请、召进”之意。
You’d better call in a doctor.你最好请一位医生来。
(6)此外,call back有“叫回来、收回”之意;call off有“叫出去、叫走”之意;call after可作“追在后面叫喊”和“以某人的名字命名”之意。
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